In 1603, a Tokugawa shogunate (military dictatorship) ushered in a long period of isolation from foreign influence in order to secure its power. For more than two centuries this policy enabled Japan to enjoy stability and a flowering of its indigenous culture. Following the Treaty of Kanagawa with the US in 1854, Japan opened its ports and began to intensively modernize and industrialize. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan became a regional power that was able to defeat the forces of both China and Russia. It occupied Korea, Formosa (Taiwan), and southern Sakhalin Island. In 1931-32 Japan occupied Manchuria, and in 1937 it launched a full-scale invasion of China. Japan attacked US forces in 1941 - triggering America's entry into World War II - and soon occupied much of East and Southeast Asia. After its defeat in World War II, Japan recovered to become an economic power and a staunch ally of the US. While the emperor retains his throne as a symbol of national unity, elected politicians - with heavy input from bureaucrats and business executives - wield actual decisionmaking power. The economy experienced a major slowdown starting in the 1990s following three decades of unprecedented growth, but Japan still remains a major economic power, both in Asia and globally. In January 2009, Japan assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2009-10 term.

Tokyo - the capital and main financial centre, modern and densely populated.

Tokyo has a vast array of sights, but the first items on the agenda of most visitors are the temples of Asakusa, the gardens of the Imperial Palace (in Chiyoda) and the Meiji Shrine (in Harajuku).

Tokyo has many commercial centres for shopping, eating and simply wandering around for experiencing the modern Japanese urban phenomenon. Each of these areas have unique characteristics, such as dazzling Shinjuku, youthful Shibuya and upmarket Ginza. These areas are bustling throughout the day, but they really come into life in the evenings.

If you're looking for a viewing platform, the Tokyo Tower is the best known but a rather overpriced, not to say uninspiring, choice. The highest spot in Tokyo is the Tokyo Metropolitan Government building (in effect, Tokyo's City Hall) in Shinjuku. Its twin towers have viewing platforms that are absolutely free, and offer a great view over Tokyo and beyond. However, the best option would probably be from the World Trade Center Building (10:00-20:00, or 21:00 in July and August, 620 yen) at JR Hamamatsucho station which, although not as high, offers stunning views of Tokyo Tower and the waterfront due to its excellent location, especially at dusk. A recent addition to the viewing platforms around Tokyo is Tokyo City View in Roppongi Hills, Roppongi -- admission is a steep ¥1500, but includes admission to the Mori Art Museum. Another good option, if you don't mind traffic noise and smell, is the Rainbow Bridge at Odaiba, whose pedestrian walkways are free. The night-time view across Tokyo Bay is impressive but the walkways close at 8:00PM.

The city is dotted with museums, large and small, which center on every possible interest from pens to antique clocks to traditional and modern arts. Many of the largest museums are clustered around Ueno. At ¥500 to ¥1,000 or more, entrance fees can add up quickly, but the GRUTT Pass allows access to 56 of them for a flat ¥2000 fee. The pass can be purchased from any participating museum and is valid for two months.

Riding SKY BUS TOKYO[22], an open-top double-decker operated by Hinomaru Limousine (every hour between 10 a.m. and 6 p.m.), is a good option to take a quick tour around the city center. The 45 minutes bus ride will take you around the Imperial Palace via Ginza and Marunouchi district, showing the highlight of Tokyo's shopping and business center. The fare is ¥1,500 for adults of 12 years old and over, and ¥700 for children between 4 and 11 years old. You can borrow a multi-language voice guide system free of charge upon purchasing a ticket, subject to stock availability.

Hiroshima - large port city, the first city to be destroyed by an atomic bomb

Peace Memorial Park

Most of the memorials related to the atomic bomb are in and around the Peace Memorial Park (平和公園 Heiwa-kōen), reachable by tram line 2 or 6 to Genbaku Dome-mae. Coming from JR Hiroshima Station, you'll see the Peace Park on your left just before crossing the T-shaped Aioi Bridge, which is thought to have been the target of the bomb.

Once part of the busy Nakajima merchant district, this area was destroyed almost in its entirety by the bomb. Today, there are more than fifty memorials, statues, and other structures in the Park. Some will be obscure in their meaning; others are immediate and devastating. There is no entry fee, save for the Peace Memorial Museum, and access to the grounds is not restricted at night.

The skeletal remains of the A-Bomb Dome (原爆ドーム Genbaku Dōmu) are the most recognizable symbol of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima. In another lifetime, the building was one of the city's best-known sights for an entirely different reason; designed by Czech architect Jan Letzel in 1915, the Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition Hall (and its fanciful green dome) had a bold European style in a grimy, crowded city with few modern flourishes. Because the explosion took place almost directly above the building, the walls remained largely intact, even as the dome shattered and the people inside were killed by the heat of the blast. Initially, as the city rebuilt, it was left alone simply because it was more difficult to demolish than other remains in the area; gradually, the A-Bomb Dome became the symbol it is today. The "Hiroshima Peace Memorial" was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1996 amid some controversy — the United States and China both voted against the nomination for reasons related to the war. Today, the benches around the Dome are a favorite spot for Hiroshima natives to read, eat lunch, or simply relax.

One block east of the A-Bomb Dome (outside Shima Clinic) is a plaque which marks the Hypocenter, the exact point above which the bomb exploded.

The Children's Peace Monument is perennially draped in thousands of origami paper cranes folded by schoolchildren across Japan in the memory of the young bomb victim Sadako Sasaki (see Literature).

The Memorial Tower to the Mobilized Students commemorates the 6,300 students who were conscripted to work in munitions factories and killed in the atomic bomb. There are statues of doves scattered throughout its five levels; at the base is a beautiful Kannon statue, always draped with origami cranes.

Tens of thousands of forced laborers from Korea were working in Hiroshima at the time of the attack. But the Monument in Memory of the Korean Victims of the A-Bomb was erected outside the Peace Park in 1970, and only moved within its boundaries in 1999. Today, the turtle at the base of the monument — symbolically carrying the dead to the afterlife — tends to be draped in his fair share of colorful origami cranes and flowers.

The Peace Bell is engraved with a world map, drawn without borders to symbolize unity. The public are welcomed to ring the bell — not subtly, the log is aimed to strike an atomic symbol.

The Atomic Bomb Memorial Mound holds the ashes of 70,000 bomb victims who were unidentified or had no living relatives to claim them. Services are held in their memory on the 6th of every month.

The Rest House was known as the Taishoya Kimono Shop at the time of the explosion. Only one employee, who was in the basement at the time, survived. However, the reinforced concrete building stayed mostly intact. (The interior has been entirely refurbished, but the preserved basement is possible to visit with advance request.) Today, it holds a gift shop, some vending machines, a helpful tourist information office, and — as the name would suggest — a place to rest.

Inside the Cenotaph for the A-Bomb Victims is a stone chest with a registry that is intended to contain the names of every known person who died from the bombing, regardless of nationality. (Names are added as hibakusha pass away from diseases thought related to the radiation of the bomb.) The Japanese inscription reads, "Let all the souls here rest in peace, for we shall not repeat the evil." Note how the arch frames the A-Bomb Dome in the distance.

At the other end of the pond from the Cenotaph is the Flame of Peace. It is said that the fire will burn until the last nuclear weapon is gone from the earth.

Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims, 1-6 Nakajima-cho, Naka-ku. 8:30AM-6PM March-July, Sep-Nov; Dec-Feb to 5PM, Aug to 7PM, closed 12/29-1/1. The Peace Memorial Hall is dedicated to collecting names and photographs of people who died in the blast. The entrance of the museum leads downward to a quiet hall for contemplation, and then back up again to a set of kiosks with compelling stories and recollections from survivors (in English and Japanese). Like the Cenotaph and the Peace Memorial Museum, it was designed by architect Kenzo Tange. Free.

Peace Memorial Museum (平和記念資料館 Heiwa Kinen Shiryōkan), 1-2 Nakajima-cho, Naka-ku. 8:30AM-6PM March-Nov, to 5PM Dec-Feb, to 7PM Aug, closed 12/29-1/1. This heart-wrenching museum documents the atomic bomb and its aftermath, from scale models of the city "before" and "after" to melted tricycles and other displays and artifacts related to the blast. Some are extremely graphic, evocative, and quite disturbing. The rest of the museum describes the post-war struggles of the hibakusha and an appeal for the abolition of nuclear weapons in the world today. Be warned: a visit here, while absolutely worthwhile, will ruin your day. Allow plenty of time afterward to decompress. Entry costs a token ¥50 adults, ¥30 kids; audio guides are available for an additional donation.

International Conference Center, 1-5 Nakajima-cho, Naka-ku. 9AM-9PM daily. At the south end of the Peace Park, this complex of buildings has an International Exchange Lounge with English-language publications and city information; it also has the Restaurant Serenade.

The Statue of Mother and Child in the Storm, completed in 1960 by artist Shin Hongo, is among the most powerful works of art created in response to the atomic bomb. It depicts a woman shielding her child from the black rain. It's in front of the Fountain of Prayer just south of the Peace Memorial Museum.

The Gates of Peace were installed in 2005 on Heiwa-o-dori, just south of the Peace Park, by a pair of French artists. On the sidewalk and the surface of the gates, the word "peace" is written in 49 languages. The ten gates are meant to represent the nine circles of hell from Dante's Inferno, plus a new one: the hell created by the atomic bombing.

As you explore the city and outskirts, keep an eye out for maroon-colored marble historical markers such as the one outside the A-Bomb Dome or the one marking the Hypocenter, which have photographs and text in both Japanese and English. You'll come across markers as far as a few miles away from the Peace Park — which lends perspective to the distance and extent of the damage.

Honkawa Elementary School Peace Museum (本川小学校平和資料館), 1-5-39 Honkawa-cho, Naka-ku (Genbaku Dome-mae tram stop). Open during school hours. Of the more than 400 students and teachers who were in the school when the bomb exploded, only one student and one teacher survived. After a new school was built, this section of the original structure was kept as a museum, housing a small collection of photos and artifacts. Free.

Fukuro-machi Elementary School Museum (袋町小学校平和資料館), 6-36 Fukuro-machi, Naka-ku (Fukuro-machi tram stop). 9AM-5PM daily. Like Honkawa, part of the original school building that remained standing after the atomic bomb has been converted into a museum. In the days after the explosion, survivors used the school's chalk to leave messages for lost friends and family members on its blackened walls. Free.

After the A-Bomb Dome, the former Bank of Japan at 5-16 Fukuro-machi, Naka-ku (Fukuro-machi tram stop) is the best-known pre-bomb structure in Hiroshima. Built in 1936, the city's main branch of the Nippon Ginko was only 380 meters from the hypocenter; although its exterior remained intact, all 42 people inside the bank were killed by the heat of the blast. Remarkably, the bank was back in service only two days after the bomb and continued operation until 1992, when it was acquired by the city. Occasional art exhibitions are now held there. Hours of access are irregular, but it's worth stopping by to check.

Somewhat incongruously, the 1925 Hiroshima Mitsui Bank at 7-1 Hon-dori, Naka-ku (Hon-dori tram stop) also survived the blast, and now serves as home of a busy Andersen Bakery. The ground-level renovations and the ceiling of the Hon-dori arcade combine to obscure its age, but there's a historical marker on the corner. Stepping out of Hon-dori to the side street gives a better view of the building — and how the city rebuilt around it.

There is a fascinating, little-known pre-bomb house on the outskirts of Hijiyama Park. Walk up toward the park on the street branching upward from the Hijiyamashita tram stop. You'll see a temple on your left with a historical marker out front. Just past the temple is a set of stone steps, leading up to a small house and explanatory plaque. (Notice the vane at the top of the house, warped from the heat of the bomb.) Please note that while visitors are welcome in the front yard, the rest of the area is private property, including the house itself.

From the Shinkansen side of JR Hiroshima Station, you'll see an enigmatic silver tower on Futaba-yama, the mountain ahead. That's the Peace Pagoda (Busshari-to), built in 1966 in memory of those killed by the atomic bomb. To reach it, simply head uphill on the main street facing away from the station. You'll pass through a quiet, pleasant neighborhood of cafes and hillside houses, climb steps, and eventually reach Toshogu Shrine. Follow the road around the shrine and you'll reach the red lanterns and torii of Kinko Inari Shrine. Head through the gates and up the steps to reach the Peace Pagoda. It's an even more impressive sight from the top of the mountain; inside the Pagoda are two gifts containing ashes of the Buddha, which were a gift to Hiroshima from India and a group of Mongolian Buddhists, along with thousands of prayer stones. You'll also be able to see the whole jumble of the city below.

Chuo Park (中央公園), Naka-ku (Genbaku dome-mae tram stop). A big, sprawling green space in the middle of the city. Broadly defined, the park grounds include many of the attractions below, including the castle and the Carp's old baseball stadium (scheduled for demolition). But Chuo Park is worthy of note in its own right, with nice, long walking paths and athletic fields — there are quite a lot of open-invitation soccer, football, and ultimate frisbee games that are regularly held here, so don't be shy about showing up with athletic shoes and seeing if anyone needs an extra.

Hiroshima Castle (広島城 Hiroshima-jō), 21-1 Moto-machi, Naka-ku (Genbaku dome-mae tram stop). 9AM-6PM daily, to 5PM Dec-Feb. The original Carp (Rijo) Castle was built in the 1590s by Hideyoshi's warlord Terumoto Mōri, predating the city itself. It was destroyed by the atomic bomb, by which time it was serving as a military headquarters, and reconstructed in 1958. Some of the original concrete foundations can still be seen. Today, the castle grounds are a nice place for a walk, and definitely Hiroshima's favorite place for hanami (cherry blossom parties), with more than 350 sakura trees. The five-story castle museum is an attractive reconstruction of the 16th century donjon, with interesting relics and armor to see (and try on), as well as some informative displays about the history of the castle and the city. The view from the top is worth the entrance fee all by itself. ¥360 adults, ¥180 kids.

Gokoku Shrine (護国神社 Gokoku-jinja), 2-21 Motomachi, Naka-ku (Genbaku dome-mae tram stop). Located on the castle grounds, this concrete shrine has great significance to locals, having been rebuilt after the atomic blast and now the center for most annual Shinto traditions in the city. But other than a historical marker, there's not much to see for travelers, other than festivals (especially New Year's Eve).

Hiroshima Children's Museum (広島市こども文化科学館), 5-83 Motomachi, Naka-ku (Genbaku dome-mae tram stop). Tu-Su 9AM-5PM. Great fun for kids, with hand-on science exhibits and a planetarium on the top floor. There's also a library with a few shelves of English language books. ¥500 adults, ¥250 kids.

Hiroshima Museum of Art (ひろしま美術館), 3-2 Motomachi, Naka-ku (Kamiya-cho nishi/higashi tram stops). 9AM-5PM daily. Established by the Hiroshima Bank in 1978. The permanent collection covers European art from late Romanticism to early Picasso, including a couple of Japanese painters who painted in Western styles. There's at least one painting by every Famous Artist of the period, but no major works by any of them. ¥1000 adults, ¥500 teens, ¥200 kids.

Hijiyama Park (比治山公園), Minami-ku (Hijiyamashita tram stop). A huge park to the south of JR Hiroshima Station, between two branches of the river. (Follow Ekimae-dori from the station to the southeast, and you'll walk directly into it.) There are the usual areas for sitting in the sun (and rather a lot of stray cats), but much of the park remains refreshingly undeveloped forest, save for a futuristic tunnel to SATY, a neighboring shopping complex and movie theater.

Hiroshima City Manga Library (広島市立図書館), 1-4 Hijiyama-koen, Minami-ku (Hijiyamashita tram stop). Tu-Su 10AM-5PM. Around the corner from the Museum of Contemporary Art (below). The vast majority of the manga are in Japanese, of course, but they do have a selection of Western superhero comics. Free.

Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art (広島市現代美術館), 1-1 Hijiyama-koen, Minami-ku (Hijiyamashita tram stop). Tu-Su 10AM-5PM. Probably the most deserving of a visit among Hiroshima's art museums. There are a few famous Western names in its collection, including Andy Warhol and Frank Stella, but the real focus is on interesting modern Japanese artists working in their own styles, and the exhibition designers make creative use of the museum space. Special exhibitions cost extra. There is a sculpture garden outside that can be visited for free, and a decent city-view from the plaza near the museum's front steps. ¥360 adults, ¥270 college students, and ¥170 for other students.

Fudoin (不動院), 3-4-9 Ushita Shin-machi, Higashi-ku (Astram to Fudoin-mae). Only a short trip north of the city, this 14th century temple is another of the few structures in the area to have survived the atomic blast. The Main Hall is an impressive sight, and both the bell tower and the two-story gate are regarded as cultural treasures. Free.

Hiroshima City Transportation Museum (広島市交通科学館), 2-12-2 Chorakuji, Asaminami-ku (Astram to Chorakuji Station). Tu-Su 9AM-5PM. Located on the outskirts of the city, the Transportation Museum has exhibits and interactive games about planes, trains, ships, and cars of the past, present, and future — and a transit nerd's treasure trove of details about the history and model numbers of Hiroshima's streetcars. (Tram #654, which remained in service after the atomic blast, is on display.) Outside, behind the museum, there is a track with odd bicycles to ride. It's great fun for children. Free on the first floor, elsewhere ¥500 adults, ¥250 kids.

Hiroshima Prefectural Museum of Art (広島県立美術館), 2-22 Kaminobori-cho, Naka-ku (Shukkeien-mae tram stop). Tu-Su 9AM-5PM, Sa to 7PM. Has a good permanent collection of modern European art, including major works by Dali and Magritte, and a a few modern Japanese artists as well. Special exhibitions are of a generally high quality, ranging from Persian carpets to The Legend of Ultraman. It's located in front of Shukkeien. ¥500 adults, ¥300 for college students, children free.

Mazda Museum (マツダミュージアム), 3-1 Mukainada-cho, Shinchi. Tours weekdays 9:30AM and 1PM in Japanese, 1PM in English. Space is limited, and they ask that you call first to make a reservation. Mazda's corporate headquarters are a short distance outside of Hiroshima. The tour is a must for any automobile fan, but if you have any serious technical questions, then you should go on the Japanese tour and bring along your own interpreter, as there's less detail on the English tour. Highlights include the Mazda Cosmos (the world's first car with a rotary engine) and the 4-Rotor Mazda 787B, which is the only Japanese car to win at Le Mans. From there you will be taken to their Ujina plant and the actual assembly line, with a look at some of their concept vehicles. From JR Hiroshima Station, take the San'yo Line two stops east to JR Mukainada Station; from there, head two blocks south, turn right, and cross the street. Free.

Mitaki-dera (三瀧寺), 411 Mitaki-yama, Nishi-ku. Originally founded in 809 AD, Mitaki-dera is a tranquil, lovely temple to the west of Hiroshima, known for its three waterfalls, which supply the water for the annual Peace Memorial Ceremony (see Festivals), as well as its gorgeous autumn colors and fascinating statues. The tahoto (treasure pagoda) was moved here from Wakayama in 1951 and consecrated in memory of the victims of the atomic bomb. From JR Hiroshima Station, take the Kabe Line to JR Mitaki Station. It's a short walk and hike from there. Free.

Shukkeien (縮景園), 2-11 Kami-noborimachi, Naka-ku (Shukkeien-mae tram stop). 9AM-5PM daily, April to 6PM. While not officially one of Japan's Top 3, this compact and beautifully landscaped Japanese garden is well worth a visit, and an ideal place to decompress from the atomic bomb sites. Despite more and more high-rises peeping over the trees recently, Shukkeien can feel like an entirely different world, with little paths crossing ponds on bridges and winding their way around graceful teahouses and waterfalls. It's directly behind the Prefectural Art Museum, and combined admission tickets are available. ¥250.

Kanazawa - historic city on the west coast

Kenroku-en Garden

Kenroku-en Garden (兼六園). The most famous sight in Kanazawa, the Garden of Six Attributes is considered one of Japan's Top 3 gardens. Once the outer pleasure gardens of the Maeda Lords, it gradually expanded to take over the entire block. While not completed in its final form until the waning years of the Edo Shogunate, it still represents one of the peaks of Japanese strolling garden design. The way in which water is piped from many kilometres upstream to fill its streams and ponds before going on to fill the castle moats is one of the great engineering feats of the Edo period. In part of the grounds, and with a steep separate 700 yen entrance fee, is the Seisonkaku Villa, build by a Maeda lord for his mother. Only part of it remains today, but is a rare example of existing daimyo palace architecture. The upper floor, with its bright blues and reds, is in distinct contrast to the muted earth tones of Kyoto style. Admission is ¥300 for adults and ¥100 for children age 6-17. Open 7 AM to 6 PM daily. During cherry blossom season, entry to the park is free and it's open and lit up at night until 9 PM.

Kanazawa Castle Site

At the centre of Kanazawa is the former site of Kanazawa's castle. Recently vacated by the national university, which took over the site once used by the Ninth Division of the Imperial Army, the castle is public space now for the first time in its 400-plus years of history. The imposing Ishikawa Gate (石川門), so named as it faced the Ishikawa district, was once a side entrance to the castle grounds, but after several fires and man-made destruction, it is one of the few original buildings left on the site, the other being the Sanjikken Nagaya (三十間長屋) storehouse near the top. However the long Gojikken Nagaya (五十間長屋) that once guarded the castle palace has recently been rebuilt according to traditional methods, and is open to the public for a 300 yen entry fee.

Nagamachi Samurai District

Nagamachi Samurai District (長町武家屋敷). Towards the coast from Oyama Shrine, this is an area of a few streets where considerable effort has been expended in order to recreate the feel of the samurai housing areas. The fact that almost none of the actual samurai houses remain does little to daunt the enthusiasm of the tourists. While historically dubious, it is a pleasant area to stroll, and the one of the best of the remaining samurai districts in Japan. In Nagamachi, the Nomura House is open to the public (¥500), and boasts a small but exquisite garden. A short walk from there the city has relocated and restored two ashigaru (足軽: the lowest rank of samurai) houses that are open for free, and provide a lovely place to rest and enjoy the peace of a traditional Japanese house. Towards the Asano River to the north, there are a couple more samurai houses, not preserved or set aside as museum pieces, but actually lived in (and not open to the public).

Kazoemachi

Kazoemachi (主計町). A small but very nice area of geisha houses along the riverbank　across from Higashiyama.

Higashi-Chayamachi

Higashi-Chayamachi (ひがし茶屋町), across the Asano River. Kanazawa's most famous geisha district. Many of the tall narrow houses are still used as high-class entertainment, but the Shima House (¥400) is open for all to see, and is well worth the entry fee for a chance to experience its refined and elegant atmosphere. Quite a few of the buildings have been converted into speciality shops and teahouses (of the non-geisha variety), so poke around freely and don't miss out on a cup of tea and a Japanese sweet (¥500-1000). Behind this area is a temple district, and the roads between the main road and the mountain are a twisting labyrinth of narrow lanes perfect for exploring on foot.

Nishi-Chayamachi

Nishi-Chayamachi (にし茶屋町). The "west" to Higashi's "east", this is another district of restored geisha houses. However, this is considerably smaller (and quieter) than Higashi, with effectively just a single street, and aside from the (free) information centre it's not possible to enter any of the houses.

Kanazawa Shinise Memorial Hall

Kanazawa Shinise Memorial Hall (Old Merchant House). The Old Merchant House was Kanazawa's leading Chinese medicine shop in Minami-machi during the 18th century. The shop was established in 1759 and provided medicine for the feudal leaders. The merchant's family was given high status by the elders of the town. The shop was instrumental in maintaining the elegance of the tea ceremony, flower arrangement, and haiku during the time period in which it was open. The shop currently has a bridal exhibit on the second floor with examples of bridal gifts and a large flower arrangement made entirely out of sugar.

Ninja Temple

Ninja Temple (妙立寺 Myōryu-ji) - The tour guides insist there is no connection between the 'Ninja Temple' and actual ninja assassins. But with 23 rooms and 29 staircases, an impressive array of trapdoors and hidden rooms, and a sepukku (ritual suicide) chamber, it is easy to see why people would make that assumption. Call ahead to book a tour. The tour is conducted in Japanese, but they give travellers a folder with English translations. Local lore has it that there was an underground tunnel from the castle to the temple, to allow the Maeda lords an escape route in case of attack. However, no documentary proof of this has been found, and, like the ninjas, it merely adds to the myths of the place. Unfortunately, the staff have a well-deserved reputation (amongst both Japanese and foreigners) for being rude and unhelpful. ¥800 for adults, and you're supposed to make a reservation in advance, although they'll squeeze you in if there's space. The hour-long tour was well worth the price.

Oyama Shrine

Oyama Shrine (尾山神社), on the other side of the castle. Built in the early Meiji period to honour the founding father of the Kaga Domain, Maeda Toshiie. It is notable for a unique gate with stained-glass windows that is a fusion of Japanese and Western architecture. The back gate to the shrine is also one of the few remaining parts of the original castle: a gate from the palace compound that escaped destruction when it was moved to the shrine. "Oyama" was the original name for the hill on which Kanazawa Castle was built.

Tentoku-in

Tentoku-in (天徳院), the largest temple in Kanazawa during the Edo period, it stood at the eastern end of the city. It was built to house the spirit of Tama-hime (珠姫: the Princess Tama), the wife of Maeda Toshitsune (the third Maeda lord). She was born in 1599 as the granddaughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate, and the daughter of the second Shogun, Hidetada. It was a political marriage: the Tokugawa were worried about a possible attack from the powerful Maeda, historically supporters of the Toyotomi clan. Toshitsune sent his mother to Edo as a hostage, and in return received the Shogun's daughter in marriage. She was three years old at the time (though the actual marriage was carried out when she was 14), and her arrival in Kanazawa is commemorated each year in the Kaga Hyakumangoku Parade. She died at age 24.

Daijōji Temple

Daijōji Temple is an old and active Zen Buddhist Temple set away from traffic on a hillside. The temple in its current location dates from 1697. Old trees shade dense moss. There is a large bell hanging under the gate along the path which visitors may ring. Strikingly loud at first, the sound fades to accentuate the tranquillity. There are free early-early-morning pray-with-the-Zen-monks sessions for those so inclined, be prepared to join in with sweeping and cleaning afterwards. The whole place is extremely "wabi-sabi", spiritually mellow.

Shinmeiguu Shrine

Shinmeiguu Shrine 神明宮 (a few metres up from the Saigawa ōhashi bridge on the right hand side of the road) this shrine is famous for the 900 year old plus Zelkova tree (keyaki) in its grounds. The shrine used to be on the banks of the Sai River, before land was reclaimed, and the tree was used as an anchor point for boats. Iron bars driven into the trunk so that boat hooks could be attached are still visible half-way up the tree. Sadly the rest of the grounds are used for parking and you will be kept at a safe distance from the tree by 3 fences: one bamboo, one steel and of course one made of concrete!

21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art

Located across from Kenroku-en, this modern marvel offers a fascinating juxtaposition to the traditional splendour of Kanazawa. Even if you don't enter the permanent or temporary exhibitions, the building itself is worth a look and there are usually some free exhibits inside. Don't miss the cafe!

Honda Forest

Honda Forest (本多の森 Honda-no-Mori). Near Kenrokuen is this pleasant green park-like area which houses the very interesting Prefectural Museum (housed in three long narrow prewar army storehouses of brick), the Art Gallery, and a few other smaller museums, as well as the Prefectural Noh Hall and the National Defence Shrine (護国神社 Gokoku Jinja), a smaller regional version of the main Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo. Just outside the shrine, which is built in the pure Japanese traditional style, is a tall pillar commemorating the dead of the "Great East Asia War" (Dai Tou-A Sensou: 大東亜戦争) that was the subject of considerable controversy when erected for its listing of groups that did not wish to be listed on a right-wing commemoration. It takes its name from the powerful Honda family, whose mansion once occupied this area in the Edo period.

Ishikawa Prefectural Museum for Traditional Products and Crafts

Ishikawa Prefectural Museum for Traditional Products and Crafts, 1-1 Kenroku-machi. A craft museum that displays 36 types of traditional arts and crafts cultivated by the people who lived in Ishikawa province. The exhibits are grouped by type and well-displayed. Hours: 9:00AM to 5:00PM (last entry at 4:30). Closed: April to November: 3rd Thursday of the month; December to March: Thursdays, Year-end and New Year. Admission fee is ¥250 for adults; ¥200 for seniors, and ¥100 for children under 17. Group rates are available. The museum is located near the Kenrokuen Garden.

Ishikawa Prefectural Museum

Ishikawa Prefectural Museum Entry ¥250 (more when special exhibitions are held). Hours: 9:00AM to 5:00PM (last entry at 4:30). Housed in three long brick buildings, restored armouries from the time when the area was used by the Imperial Japanese Army, it features a chronological display of local history in a modern and well-laid-out setting. There is also an area for hands-on history, where you can try on various outfits, including samurai armour. As with most tourist sites in Kanazawa, an English-language pamphlet is available.

Ishikawa Confectionery Culture Center

Ishikawa Confectionery Culture Center (菓子文化会館 Kashi-bunka-kaikan), [6]. Devoted to the fine art of making Japanese confectionery for all those teahouses, the first floor houses a cluster of high-end shops, while the second floor has a museum (¥300). While almost all signage is only in Japanese and the main exhibition on the history of candy is predictably yawn-inducing, it's worth the entrance fee just to see the exhibition of jaw-droppingly realistic flower bouquets, sets of samurai armour and more built entirely from candy.

Kanazawa Museum of Modern Literature

Entry ¥400. Hours: 9:30AM to 5:00PM (last entry at 4:30). Housed in the Meiji-era brick building of the former Fourth Upper School (preparatory schools for the Imperial Universities), the fore-runner of Kanazawa University, it houses displays relating to famous local (generally) authors from the Meiji to pre-war period. Probably only of interest to students of Japanese literature rather than casual tourists, as many of the displays are original copies of books or manuscripts, written in Japanese.

Kyoto - ancient capital of Japan, considered the cultural heart of the country, with many ancient Buddhist temples and gardens

Kinkaku-ji Temple

Kinkaku-ji Temple (金閣寺), 1 Kinkakuji-cho, Kita-ku (Nearest bus stops: Kinkakuji-michi (routes 12, 59, 101, 102, 204, 205) or Kinkakuji-mae (12 and 59)). Open daily 9 AM-5 PM. The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, formally known as Rokuonji (鹿苑寺), is the most popular tourist attraction in Kyoto. The pavilion was originally built as a retirement villa for Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in the late 14th century, and converted into a temple by his son. However, the pavilion was burnt down in 1950, by a young monk who had become obsessed with it. (The story became the basis for Yukio Mishima's novel The Temple of the Golden Pavilion.) The beautiful landscaping and the reflection of the temple on the face of the water make for a striking sight, but keeping the mobs of visitors out of your photos will be a stern test for your framing abilities. Get there early if you can to beat the school groups. Visitors follow a path through the moss garden surrounding the pavilion, before emerging into a square crowded with gift shops. It's only a short walk from Ryōan-ji (below), making for an easy pairing (and study in contrasts). Admission fee is ¥400.

Ryōan-ji

Ryōan-ji (龍安寺), (Nearest bus stop: Ryōanji-mae, route 59; nearest Randen tram stop, Ryoanji-michi). Open daily 8 AM - 5 PM (Mar-Nov), 8:30 AM - 4:30 PM (Dec-Feb). Famous for its Zen garden, which is considered to be one of the most notable examples of the "dry-landscape" style. Surrounded by low walls, an austere arrangement of fifteen rocks sits on a bed of white gravel. That's it: no trees, no hills, no ponds, and no trickling water. Behind the simple temple that overlooks the rock garden is a stone washbasin called Tsukubai said to have been contributed by Tokugawa Mitsukuni in the 17th century. It bears a simple but profound four-character inscription: "I learn only to be contented". There is a fantastic boiled tofu (湯豆腐 yudōfu) restaurant on the grounds, which you should be able to find by following the route away from the rock garden and towards the exit. It is slightly expensive, but serves delicious, traditional tofu dishes. The rest of the grounds are worth a look too - particularly the large pond. Admission ¥500.

Ninnaji Temple

Ninnaji Temple (仁和寺), (Nearest bus stop: Omuro Ninnaji, routes 10, 26, 59). Open daily 9:00 AM - 4:30 PM. Another large temple complex which is often overlooked by tourists. Admission to the grounds is free, allowing visitors to view the 17th century five-story pagoda, and the plantation of dwarf cherry trees (which are always the last to bloom in Kyoto, in early-mid April). Inside the former palace building (which admission is charged to enter) some beautifully painted screen walls are featured, along with a walled garden. In the hills behind the temple, there is a delightful miniature version of the renowned 88 Temple Pilgrimage in Shikoku, which takes an hour or two (rather than a month or two). This can provide a delightful end to a day of looking at tourist attractions. Walking around the temple grounds is free however, entrance to the former palace building costs ¥500.

Daitokuji Temple

Daitokuji Temple (大徳寺), 53 Murasakino (Nearest bus stop: Daitokuji-mae, routes 28 and 91). A large temple complex, boasting many smaller sub-temples within its grounds. Daitokuji is the quietest of the temples in north-western Kyoto, and if you visit it at the start of the day, you could virtually have it to yourself. Eight of the twenty-four subtemples open to the public (most days 9 AM - 5 PM), and each charges an admission fee (around ¥400). The two most popular sub-temples are Daisen-in, located on the northern side of the temple complex, which has a beautiful Zen garden, along with delicious cinammon sweets that only this temple has rights to sell/produce (you can sample one if you get the tea or buy a pack for ¥700), and Koto-in particularly noted for its maple trees, which are beautiful in autumn, if you don't mind the crowds.

Imamiya Shrine

21 Imamiya-cho Murasakino Kita-ku (Just outside of the Daitokuji complex). Although the current structure dates back to 1902, the original was built during the Heian Period. At the time, the city was being plagued by illness and disease, so Imamiya Shrine was built to appease the gods. Even today, many visitors come to pray for good health and to ward of illness. Entrance is free.

Tōji-in

Tōji-in, (Nearest bus stop: Tojiin-machi, routes 10 and 26; nearest Randen tram stop, Toji-in). 8 AM to 4:30 PM. Dedicated to the Ashikaga family, the statues inside represent each Ashikaga ruler. The temple also features a lovely garden. Entrance is ¥500.

Hirano Shrine

Hirano Shrine (平野神社), Hirano Miyamoto-cho, Kita-ku (Nearest bus stop: Waratenjin-mae, routes 50, 102, 204, 205). Open from 6 AM to 5 PM. A small shrine, which is an especially popular destination during the cherry blossom season, setting up amusement and food stalls. A small park of cherry trees next to the shrine is hung with lanterns and drawings by local schoolchildren. Admission is free.

Kitano Tenmangu

Kitano Tenmangu, (Nearest bus stop: Kitano Tenmagumae, routes 10 and 50; just east of Kitano Hakubai-Cho, additional routes 101, 102, 204, 205). Normal hours: 9 AM to 5 PM, on the 25th of every month hours extend from 7 AM to 9 PM. Kitano Tenmangu Shrine was built to appease the soul of Michizane Sugawara, who was a respected member of the Heian Court until he was exiled to Kyushu after falling into disfavor with the Emperor. He died while in exile, and soon after his death, a series of natural disasters mysteriously began plaguing Kyoto. Many suspected that it was the soul of Michizane seeking vengeance, so in order to console his spirit, he was made the God of Learning, and Kitano Tenmangu was built to honor him. Many plum trees were planted within and around the grounds of the shrine, because they were Michizane's favorite flowers, so this shrine is especially beautiful during the plum blossom season from mid-February to mid-March. The shrine is free to enter, though the treasure house charges a separate ¥300 admission.

Myoshinji Temple

Myoshinji Temple, 64 Hanazono Myoshinji-cho, Ukyo-ku (Nearest bus stop: Myoshin Kitamon-mae, routes 10 and 26. Nearest Randen tram station: Myoshinji). A large Zen temple complex famous for its large collection of famous artwork. To enter the main hall of Myoshin-ji, you must pay for a tour (tours typically operate every 20 minutes). Inside the main hall you'll find the temple's large dragon painting on the ceiling and the bell. Myoshinji's bell was made in 698, making it the oldest in Japan. As one of the head Zen temples, there are many sub-temples on the temple grounds, each with its own sites and separate fees. Some of the sub-temples are even available for overnight stays and meditation (see "Sleep" section). Admission fee: ¥500.

Jingo-ji

Jingo-ji (神護寺), (In front of Kyoto Station, take JR Bus bound for Takao/Keihoku and get off at Yamashiro Takao Station (free with JR Pass), walk down a flight of winding stairs, cross a small bridge, and walk up for about ten minutes.). Open9AM-4PM. An overlooked gem among Kyoto temples, it is an ideal place to visit for those wanting to escape the tourist hordes. It is located in Mt. Takao in the north-western corner of Kyoto. Jingoji Temple was established by Priest Kukai as the head of the Shingon Sect during the Heian Period. Make sure you walk all the way to the back of the temple ground to a commanding view of the Kiyotaki River below wedged between two hills; here you can buy clay disks, which you throw down the mountain after making a wish. The temple is especially lovely in the fall, when the leaves all turn colors. Admission fee is ¥500.

Saimyoji Temple

Saimyoji Temple. A former sub-temple of Jingoji. While it is not worth making a special trip to see this temple, those touring the Takao area might as well visit, as it is located on the path connecting Jingo-ji to Kozan-ji. The bridge leading to the temple and the lanterns outside the entrance are quite nice. Entrance is free.

Kozan-ji

Kozan-ji. Registered as one of Kyoto's 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Kozanji is a small temple dating all the way back to the Kamakura period. Inside the temple you'll find a famous painting of rabbits and monkeys acting as humans, considered to be the world's first manga. Temple grounds are free, entrance to the temple is ¥600.

Shimogamo Shrine

Shimogamo Shrine, 59 Izumigawa-cho, Shimogamo (From Keihan Demachiyanagi Station, cross the bridge and turn left. Takes about 10 minutes). Originally built prior to Kyoto becoming Japan's capital, Shimogamo is one of the first shrines built in Kyoto. Together with Kamigamo Shrine, they are known as the Kamo Shrines. These shrines were one of the most revered shrines by the Imperial Court, who made often made offerings here. The forest surrounding the shrine, known as Tadasu no Mori, is believed to be a natural forest, and legend has it that the secrets of those who enter the forest will be revealed. Shimogamo is also a great place to experience Japanese festivals, as many special events are held here, including the Aoi Matsuri, one of Kyoto's top three festivals. Entrance is free.

Kamigamo Shrine

Kamigamo Shrine, 3-3-9 Motoyama. Collectively, Kamigamo Shrine and Shimogamo Shrine are known as the Kamo Shrines, and they were highly favored by the Imperial Court during the Heian Period. The shrine is most famous for the tatesuna, the two large sand cones. Their origins and original purpose are unknown, but it has been speculated that they represent nearby mountains. Kamigamo Shrine is one of Kyoto's World Heritage Sites. Entrance is free.

Kyoto Botanical Garden

Kyoto Botanical Garden. Japan's first botanical garden, the Kyoto Prefectural Botanical Garden is quite large and houses a wide variety of plants. It is a popular place for plum blossom viewing in February and early March and cherry blossoms, which typically bloom in early April. The indoor garden has a wide variety of tropical plants, desert cactuses, and other plants. The entrance fee only covers the outside gardens, but the additional fee to see the garden is quite nominal, so it is well worth it. ¥200 to see the outdoor flowers and gardens and an additional ¥200 to see the indoor botanical garden.

Shugakuin Imperial Villa

Shugakuin Imperial Villa. You must make reservations in order to visit Shugakuin. A beautiful villa commissioned by Emperor Gomizuno-o in 1655 and completed four years later. The area is separated into three separate villas. In the lower villa, you'll find a lovely garden with a stream running through it and the Jugetsukan, where the emperor relaxed before making his way to the upper villa. The middle villa is home to the Rakushi-ken, princess Akinomiya's home, and the Kyaku-den, which was also given to Akinomiya when the consort that is was built for died prior to its completion. These buildings contain some particularly beautiful artwork, and an interesting flat pine tree. After seeing all of that, you will finally be escorted to the upper villa. Upon entering the villa, you will ascend the stairs to discover a gorgeous view of the garden and Yokuryu Pond. The tour ends with a stroll along the outer edges of a pond, past a waterfall and the bridges. Princess Diana was once a guest here, a fact the tour guides love to share with visitors. The best time to visit is said to be the autumn when the leaves are changing. If you plan to visit, make your reservation 3 months in advance for the best chances. Entrance is free.

Entsu-ji

Entsu-ji. A temple famous for its gardens. A particularly unique feature of this garden is incorporation of Mount Hiei, of which there is a great view from the temple, into the layout of the garden.

Myoman-ji

Myoman-ji, 91 Hataedacho Iwakura. For anyone looking to see something slightly different from the standard Japanese temple, Myoman-ji offers a replica of Bodh Gaya's Mahabodhi Temple, where the Buddha obtained Enlightenment. The rest of the complex is quite Japanese, but still very beautiful, with artwork and a garden. Temple grounds are free, entrance to the main hall and garden ¥300.

Shisendo

Shisendo, 27 Monguchi-machi. Built in 1641, this temple once housed the poet Jozan Ishikawa. Inside the temple there are portraits of 36 influential Chinese poets. Outside there is a garden filled with many azaleas. Entrance is ¥500.

Jakko-in

Jakko-in. Open from 9 AM to 5 PM. Built in honor of Prince Shotoku's father, the temple's Jizo contains 6000 tiny Buddha statues inside. The temple is also significant as the final resting place of Empress Kenreimonin, the only member of the Taira clan to survive in the Tales of Heike. Entrance is ¥500.

Sanzen-in

Sanzen-in. Open from 8 AM to 5 PM. As the top attraction in the Ohara area, this temple is well worth the visit. Housed within the temple are three ancient Buddha statues. Outside, there is a lovely moss garden and a variety of buddhist statues ranging from the typical spiritual statues to adorable, animated statues. Entrance fee: ¥700.

Raigo-in

Raigo-in, 537 Raigo-in-cho, Ohara. Open from 9 AM to 5 PM. A temple famous for its Buddhist chants, visitors can hear these chants for free on Sundays at 1 PM. Sutra copying is also offered for ¥1000. Entrance is ¥300.

Amida-ji

Amida-ji. A temple where followers are trained to recite the Nyoho Nenbutsu chants. The statue kept within the shrine was originally adorned with the hair of the temple's founding priest.

Shorin-in

Shorin-in, 187 Shorinin-machi. Open from 9 AM to 5 PM. The priest Honen's famous question-and-answer session was held in the temple's hondo. At the session, he is said to have shined the temple's principal Buddhist sculpture using only his prayers. Entrance is ¥300.

Hosen-in

Hosen-in, 187 Shorinin-machi, Ohara. Open from 9 AM to 5 PM. Like Yogen-in in Higashiyama, the ceiling of Hosen-in was built using the floorboards of Fushimi Castle, where a bloody historic battle took place. As a result, you'll notice blood stains on the ceiling. Outside, there is a charming garden containing a famous 700 year old pine tree. Entrance is ¥600.

Nijō Castle

Nijō Castle (二条城 nijō-jō), (Nearest bus stop: Nijojo-mae. Nearest subway station: Nijojo-mae). Open daily, 8.45am-5pm, with last admission at 4pm. Certainly one of the highlights of Kyoto, with fine gardens and splendid centuries-old structures. The series of ornately-decorated reception rooms within the Ninomaru Palace complex is particularly impressive, and known for its "nightingale floors" - wooden flooring which makes bird-like squeaking sounds when stepped on so as to give advance warning when someone was approaching. From the empty base of the donjon that once overlooked the innermost section of the fortress (known as the Honmaru), you can get good views over parts of the castle compound and the wider city beyond. Admission ¥600.

Nijo Jinya

Nijo Jinya, (Just south of Nijo Castle). This former (and still inhabited) samurai house offers a look into how people used to live. The guided tour focuses on the measures taken to avoid and deal with the risk of fire and attack, with several trap doors and escape routes, along with some innovative anti-conflagration architecture. However, it's not a cheap tour and no photos are allowed. Moreover, tours were suspended for two years from the end of 2009 Golden Week (May) while repairs are carried out. Tour ¥1,000.

The Museum of Kyoto

The Museum of Kyoto, (Located on Takakura-dori. Nearest bus stop: Shijo Karasuma. Nearest subway station: Karasuma Oike). Open daily 10am-8.30pm. This museum may be particularly worthwhile if you have a burning interest in ancient pottery, otherwise not really worth a visit. Admission ¥500.

Kyoto International Manga Museum

Kyoto International Manga Museum (京都国際マンガミュージアム Kyōto Kokusai Manga Myūjiamu), (1-minute walk north from the Karasuma Oike subway station). Open 10 AM to 6 PM (last admission 5:30 PM); closed on Wednesdays - or the following Thursday if Wednesday is a national holiday - and during the New Year holidays (as well as during regular maintenance periods). Housed in an old elementary school building, the museum holds over 300,000 manga-related items ranging from rare Meiji-era publications to the works of contemporary artists. One of its main attractions is the so-called "Wall of Manga": a vast collection of some 50,000 volumes arranged on shelves running along the building's corridors. Much of the collection is in Japanese, but there is a sizeable selection of manga translated into various foreign languages (including English) on the ground floor. Visitors are welcome to pick out and read anything they choose from the "Wall of Manga" (although the books can't be checked out for offsite reading), which explains the large numbers of children and young adults that throng the museum - and the large Astroturf field just outside - during opening hours. The museum also hosts special temporary exhibitions and other manga-related events. Admission ¥500 adults, ¥300 high-school students, ¥100 elementary school students; special exhibits cost extra.

Nishi Honganji

Nishi Honganji, (Nishi Honganji, a 15-minute walk from Kyoto Station). Open from 6 AM to 5 PM. One of Kyoto's World Heritage Sites. The "hair rope" is perhaps the most interesting site in the temple, as it is just that; an extremely thick rope made completely from human hair. Entrance is free.

Higashi Honganji

Higashi Honganji, (From Kyoto Station, Higashi Honganji is a five-minute walk). The majestic main hall of Higashi Honganji, said to be the largest wooden structure in the world, can accommodate up to 5,000 people and is the headquarter of the Shinju Sect of Buddhism. Entrance is free.

Shosei-en Garden

Shosei-en Garden, (Two blocks east of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple). Also known as Kikoku-tei, Shosei-en Garden was commissioned by Prince Minamoto no Toru. He created the Ingetsu Pond was designed to look like the Shiogama coast in Miyagi Prefecture. During the Tokugawa Period the garden was given to Higashi Hongan-ji Temple, restoring the old sections and adding on to the garden.

Tō-ji Temple

Tō-ji Temple. Open 9 AM to 5:30 PM. Although its famed for its pagoda, the tallest in Japan, the other structures within the complex are equally impressive with surprisingly colorful interiors and a variety of precious Buddhist sculptures on display. The rest of the temple grounds are made up of a relaxing garden, with many cherry blossoms in the spring. It is also famous for its flea markets, held on the 21st of every month. Entrance fee: ¥500 (special exhibitions have separate fees).

Kyoto Tower

Kyoto Tower, (Just north of Kyoto Station). Open from 9 AM to 9 PM. A sightseeing tower that provides views of Kyoto's urban sprawl. Entrance fee: ¥700.

Bukkoji Temple

Bukkoji Temple, Shinkai-cho Shimogyo-ku. A temple of Shin Buddhism established by Shinran.

Mibudera Temple

Mibudera Temple. 8 AM to 5:30 PM. This temple is most famous for its Setsubun celebration, particularly for the Mibu Kyogen performances on February second and third. During normal times, the temple and the garden/mound are not particularly exciting. The treasures housed are interesting and cheap to see. It is free to walk around the temple grounds, but the garden and treasures each cost ¥100 to see.

Shinsen-en Garden

Shinsen-en Garden, 167 Monzen-cho, Nakagyo-ku. Open from 9 AM to 10 PM. Although cherry blossom-viewing and festivals can be seen all over Japan today, Shinsen-en Garden is where the very first organized cherry blossom viewing festival took place. Admission is free.

Kyoto Imperial Palace

Kyoto Imperial Palace (京都御所 Kyōto-gosho), (A 5-10 minute walk south from the Imadegawa subway station, Karasuma subway line). English tours at 10am and 2pm Mon-Fri (by appointment only). The Palace is a reconstruction (dating from 1855), though the Emperor doesn't actually spend much time there, and the guided tour doesn't actually enter the Palace buildings, only peeking at them from the outside, but nevertheless, it provides interesting insight into the lives of the Imperial Court and it's the only Imperial site in Kyoto that offers English guides. Show up an hour before the tour at the Imperial Household Agency building (west of Kyoto Imperial Palace), and they'll let you join if there's space, or make a booking for another day if there isn't. If you don't want to chance it, advance bookings can also be made online through the Imperial Household Agency's official website. Entrance is free.

Sentō Imperial Palace

Sentō Imperial Palace (仙洞御所 Sentō-gosho). Located within the grounds of Kyoto's Imperial Park, the Sento Imperial Palace is arguably the most competitive for reservations, because this is the palace where the present Imperial family stays when in Kyoto.

Kiyomizu Temple

Kiyomizu Temple (清水寺), 1-chome, Kiyomizu, Higashiyama-ku (Nearest bus stop: Kiyomizu-michi, routes 100, 202, 206, 207). Daily: 6-18. This temple complex, with a spectacular location overlooking the city, is a deservedly popular attraction, approached by either of two tourist-filled souvenir-shop-lined streets, Kiyomizu-zaka or Chawan-zaka. Admission ¥300. Open daily, 6am-6pm. Nearest bus stop: Kiyomizu-michi or Gojo-zaka. Highlights of the temple complex include; The main hall's wooden veranda, supported by hundreds of pillars and offering incredible views over the city. Jishu Shrine, the love-themed shrine selling countless charms to help you snag the one you love, and featuring two "love stones" positioned around 18m apart which the lovelorn must walk between with their eyes closed to confirm their loved one's affection, and Otowa-no-taki the temple's waterfall, which gives it its name (Kiyomizu literally means 'pure water'). Visitors stand beneath the waterfall, and collect water to drink by holding out little tin cups. Mountain hike, if you're up for a mountain walk, steer to the right-hand pathway instead of taking the left toward the Jishu-jinja. The path leads through a gate and winds up onto the mountain. You can walk up for a good hour and not reach the end of the path. Has lovely forest and great scenery, and makes for a nice short excursion out of the city traffic. ¥300.

Mount Daimonji

Mount Daimonji (大文字) isn't much more than a hill, but it provides a breathtaking (and perhaps the best) view of the city. So if you're in the mood for a hike, this is a pleasant forest walk, taking a little less than an hour. At the summit, you can take a breather and check out the views over the city, or climb the steps and keep hiking through the forest at the top for hours, as long as you don't mind winding up far away from where you started. There's a clearly marked path up the mountain that begins near Ginkakuji. To reach the trailhead, turn left when facing the gates of Ginkakuji, and, before the stone torii (the iconic gate found throughout Japan), turn right and follow the path upwards. You'll soon be greeted with a map of the hill. If you don't know Japanese, don't worry, just follow everyone up the very-obvious path to the summit.

Rokuharamitsu-ji

Rokuharamitsu-ji (六波羅蜜寺), 81-1 Rokuro-cho 2-chome, Matsubara-dori, Higashiyama-ku. Daily 8-17. While the temple itself may not seem so special, the trip is made worthwhile by the amazing Kamakura Period artwork housed in its museum. In particular, the statue of Kuya is quite a unique piece of artwork depicting Kuya Shonin reciting the nenbutsu. To depict the words, the artist Taira Kiyomori, sculpted six miniature figures of Kuya Shonin walking out of his open mouth. Each figure represents one syllable in the nenbutsu. This temple is also the 17th temple of the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage. Grounds: free, Museum: ¥500.

Sanjusangen-do

Sanjusangen-do (三十三間堂), (Nearest bus stop: Hakubutsukan Sanjusangendo-mae, routes 100, 206, 208). Open from 8 AM to 5 PM. is definitely worth a visit. It was founded in 1164 and became famous for its 1001 beautiful wooden and gold-leaf covered statues of Kannon, goddess of mercy, housed in thirty-three bays (sanjusan = thirty-three, gendo = bays) in the main hall. Entrance fee: ¥600.

Kyoto National Museum

Kyoto National Museum (京都国立博物館), 527 Chayamachi, Higashiyama-ku. 9:30am - 5:00pm, closed Mondays. Is near Sanjusangen-do, and has a large collection of ancient Japanese sculpture, ceramics, metalwork, painting, and other artifacts. (It's quite similar to the Tokyo National Museum in Tokyo/Ueno.) The Museum building is fairly grand, but the statue of Rodin's The Thinker out front is a bit out of place, as there's no Western art inside. It's seven minutes east of Shichijo Keihan. admission ¥500.

Yogen-in

Yogen-in. The original temple was built by one of Hideyoshi Toyotomi's concubines in honor of her father, but the temple was destroyed by a fire. When rebuilding the temple, the floorboards of Fushimi Castle in Southern Kyoto were used to construct the ceiling. Since Fushimi Castle was the site of quite a bloody battle, when you look at the ceiling, you can still see blood stains and body outlines from soldiers who committed seppuku. The artwork in the temple is also very famous, particularly the elephant paintings. When you enter the temple, you may be shown an English write-up that states that only those who understand Japanese are able to enter (because everyone who enters will be greeted by a guide who will walk you through the temple). It ends with something like, "This is why you are not allowed to enter the temple." Do not let this deter you if you really want to enter but don't know Japanese. Simply agree to the tour, pay the fee, maybe lie about your Japanese ability, and then politely pay attention to your guide as they walk you through the temple.

Heian Shrine

Heian Shrine (平安神宮), 97 Nishi Tennocho, Okazaki, Sakyo-ku. Mar-Aug:8:30-17:30; Sep-Oct: 8:30-17; Nov-Feb: 8:30-16. Built in 1895 in commemoration of the 1100th anniversary of Kyoto, the shrine was designed as a scaled-down replica of the original Imperial Palace. The Shin'en Garden encircling the backside of the shrine is one of the city's most beautiful gardens and a popular place for hanami, particularly for those who prefer pink blossoms. Grounds: free; Garden: ¥600.

Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art

Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art (京都市美術館), Okazaki Park, Sakyo-ku. Open 9 AM to 5 PM. Closed Mondays. This museum houses a wide variety of art with the permanent collections featuring artists that are from Kyoto. Special exhibits may feature Japanese art from other areas or foreign artwork.

Kyoto National Museum of Modern Art

Kyoto National Museum of Modern Art (京都国立近代美術館), Okazaki Enshoji-cho, Sakyo-ku. 9:30 AM to 5:00 PM (on Fridays during special exhibitions, hours may be extended to 8:00 PM). Closed Mondays. An interesting museum featuring works from famous, as well as up-and-coming modern artists. Exhibits change frequently, so its best to call or visit the webisite to see exactly what will featured during your visit. You may also want to make sure they will not be changing exhibitions, as they often close an entire floor of the museum during the transition. ¥420. (college students receive a discount and special exhibitions require additional costs). 

Yoshida Shrine

Yoshida Shrine (吉田神社), 30 Kaguraoka-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku. All day. Most famous as the site of the Setsubun Festival held in February, this small shrine was very highly revered during the Heian Period, and the court made offerings here. Free.

Kyoto City Zoo

Kyoto City Zoo, Okazaki Houshoji-cho, Sakyo-ku (located on the east side of the Kyoto Municipal Art Museum). Like most zoos, visitors will see lions, tigers, and monkeys. There is an aviary and reptile exhibit, as well. The zoo has some native Japanese animals, but there isn't much to set it apart from most other zoos in the world.

Hosomi Art Museum

Hosomi Art Museum, 6-3 Okazaki, Saishoji-cho. Open from 10 AM to 6 PM. Closed Mon. A museum that showcases Japanese religious art from all periods of history. Exhibits change each season but typically feature famous artwork from local temples and shrines. Prices vary depending on the exhibit.

Maruyama Park

Maruyama Park (円山公園), 625 Gion-machi, Kitagawa-ku. is the main center for cherry blossom viewing in Kyoto, and can get extremely crowded at that time of year. The park's star attraction is a weeping cherry tree (shidarezakura). Main entrance to the park is through Yasaka Shrine. Admission is free.

Kodaiji Temple

Kodaiji Temple (高台寺,), 526, Shimogawara-cho, Kodai-ji, Higashiyama-ku. Open from 9 AM to 5 PM. This temple was built for Toyotomi Hideyoshi's widow by Tokugawa Ieyasu and is located right next to the Ryozen Kannon temple. If you really like temples this is a very nice one. It's got a nice bamboo grove that you walk through on the way out. If you're in the area it's a good sight to see. Entrance fee: ¥600.

Chion-in

Chion-in. The head temple of the Jodo sect of Buddhism. The Sanmon gate at the entrance to the temple is the largest of such gates in the nation. Visitors can walk freely around the complex and inside the buildings, except for those that house the temples "Seven Wonders". Walking the temple grounds is free, but seeing the wonders costs money.

Shoren-in

Shoren-in, 69-1 Sanjobo-cho. Open from 9 AM to 5 PM. Once associated with the head Tendai Buddhist sect temple, Enryaku-ji on Mount Hiei, Shoren-in is considered to be one of the top five Tendai sect temples. During the Tokugawa period, it served as temporary lodging for a retired emperor after the Imperial Palace burned down. Those who come during November may be able to practice a tea ceremony (See "Do" section of the guide). Admission is ¥500.

Higashi Otani Mausoleum

Higashi Otani Mausoleum. Located in a cemetary, tourists typically visit this site accidentally however, because some of the ashes of Shinran, the founder of Jodo-Shin Buddhism, are contained inside the mausoleum, it is a popular place for Buddhists to come to pay their respects. Entrance to the grounds is free.

Ryozen Kannon Statue

Ryozen Kannon Statue (霊山観音), Kodaiji Shimokawaracho, Higashiyama-ku (At the northern end of Ninen-zaka). Daily 8:30-16:30. A memorial to the unknown Japanese soldiers who died in World War II, with a 24-meter-tall statue of Kannon. Admission is ¥200, including a lit incense stick to place in front of the temple.

Ryozen History Museum

Ryozen History Museum, 1 Ryozen-cho Seikanji. Open from 10 AM to 4 PM. Closed Mondays. A museum dedicated to displaying artifacts and information about the Meiji Period.

Ryozen Gokoku Shrine

Ryozen Gokoku Shrine, 605 Seikan-ji-Ryosen-cho. This shrine was built to house the souls of all those who died in the Pacific War, from the Meiji Restoration uprisings and the Russo-Japanese war to the end of World War II. It is the first shrine in the nation to be officially recognized as a shrine for war dead.

Yasaka Shrine

Yasaka Shrine (八坂神社), 625 Gion-machi, Kitagawa-ku (East end of Shijo-dori. Nearest bus stop: Gion). Always open. At the eastern end of Shijo-dori, at the edge of Gion, is the shrine responsible for Kyoto's main festival - the Gion Matsuri, which takes place in July. The shrine is small in comparison with many in Kyoto, but it boasts an impressive display of lanterns. Admission is free.

Kenninji Temple

Kenninji Temple (建仁寺), 584 Komatsu-cho, Higashiyama-ku. Open daily, 10am-4pm.. Japan's oldest Zen temple, has handsome halls and sand and moss gardens, and is of particular interest to art lovers. Sotatsu's famed Edo-period screens of the Wind and Thunder Gods are on display. And on the high ceiling of the Hatto Dharma Hall writhe Koizumi Junsaku's splendid Twin Dragons, painted and installed in 2002. Admission is ¥500.

Ginkakuji

Ginkakuji (銀閣寺), Ginkakuji-cho (Nearest bus stop: Ginkakuji-michi, routes 5, 17, 32, 100, 102, 203, 204). Mar-Nov:8:30-17; Dec-Mar: 9-16:30. This temple, known as the Silver Pavilion, is at the northern end of the Philosopher's Walk. Much like its golden counterpart Kinkakuji, the Silver Pavilion is often choked with tourists, shuffling past a scrupulously-maintained dry landscape Zen garden and the surrounding moss garden, before posing for pictures in front of the Pavilion across a pond. Do note, however, that major restoration works are being done on the pavilion, which is now surrounded by metal scaffolding. This is not expected to be completed until after 2010. Unlike its counterpart, however, the Silver Pavilion was never actually covered in silver; only the name had been applied before the plans fell apart. Be sure not to miss the display of Very Important Mosses! Admission ¥500. 

Honen-in

Honen-in. Open from 7 AM to 4 PM. A quiet temple with some interesting raised sand designs. It was built in honor of Honen, the founder of the Jodo sect. Temple grounds are free.

Anraku-ji

Anraku-ji, 21 Shishigatani. A temple built to console the soles of Anraku and some concubines who were killed by order of the Imperial Court who did not approve of their Buddhist sect.

Koun-ji

Koun-ji (光雲寺). A temple designed around the borrowed scenery of the surrounding mountains, it was once owned by Empress Gomizuno.

Nyakuoji Shrine

Nyakuoji Shrine, 2 Nishioji Sakyo-ku. A nice shrine to visit in the autumn when the leaves are changing. It's a worthwhile stop for those travelling along the Philosopher's Path, but probably not worth making the trip just to see this shrine. Entrance is free.

Eikando Temple

Eikando Temple (永観堂禅林寺), 48 Eikando-cho, Sakyo-ku (Nearest bus stop: Nanzenji/Eikando-michi, route 5). Daily 9-17. A large temple said to have been originally constructed by Priest Kukai. The temple features a unique statue of Amida Buddha, Mikaeri Amida, that looks to the right rather than facing forward. The temple grounds also feature a Tahoto pagoda and a lake. The temple is particularly pleasant in the autumn when the leaves are changing. ¥600.

Nanzenji Temple

Nanzenji Temple (南禅寺), Fukuchi-cho, Nanzenji, Sakyo-ku (Nearest bus stop: Nanzenji/Eikando-michi, route 5). 8:40a.m.-5:00p.m.(until 4:30p.m. from Dec to Feb). with its distinctive two-story entrance gate (sanmon) and aqueduct, is another popular temple in Kyoto, but its larger size means that it doesn't seem as crowded as many of the others. Nearest bus stop: Nanzenji, Eikando-michi. Nearest subway station: Keage. Open daily, 8.30am-5pm. Walking around the temple complex is free, including the unusual Meiji-era aqueduct that wouldn't look out of place in Italy. There are three regions of Nanzenji that you can pay to enter: Sanmon - the two-story main gate to Nanzenji Temple charges ¥500 for admission, and offers pleasant views over the surrounding area of the city. Nanzen-in Zen Temple - a small, but relaxing temple and moss garden behind the aqueduct, dating back to the 13th century, charges ¥300 for admission, and is probably only worth it if you have a particular interest in Zen Buddhism. Hojo - the abbot's quarters, is a more interesting building, with a small raked gravel garden and some impressive paintings on the sliding doors of the buildings. Admission is ¥500.. 

Togetsukyō Bridge

Togetsukyō Bridge. This picturesque bridge spans the Hozu River, which usually has at least a bit of water in it.

Tenryū-ji

Tenryū-ji (天龍寺), 68 Saga Tenryuji Susukinobaba-cho (Main entrance near the busy Togetsukyō Bridge intersection). Open from 8:30am-5:30pm Mar-Oct, to 5pm Nov-Feb. One of the city's UNESCO World Heritage Sites and the main temple of the Rinzai sect of Buddhism in Kyoto; it's also considered one of Kyoto's Five Great Zen Temples. Tenryu-ji was founded in 1334, but the current buildings all date from the last century: pleasant, but unremarkable. However, there is a lovely garden and pond, designed by the Zen master Musō Soseki, that is worth a look - and well worth taking a leisurely stroll around. After your walk, head out the back way and through the splendid bamboo forest to reach the Ōkōchi Sansō villa (see below). Admission is ¥600.

Ōkōchi Sansō

Ōkōchi Sansō (大河内山荘), (Near the bamboo grove behind Tenryū-ji). 9 AM to 5 PM. A splendid mountain retreat, previously occupied by Japanese silent screen legend Ōkōchi Denjirō. The grounds have something beautiful to offer each season but are probably at their best during autumn, when the trees explode into fiery shades of red and gold. Take a long, leisurely walk through the villa's beautiful gardens and savour the fine views of the city below. There is a small museum on the grounds dedicated to the former owner's life and work. Entrance is ¥ 1000; the price includes a cup of ''matcha'' (green tea) and a small dessert in the villa's teahouse. 

Nonomiya Shrine

Nonomiya Shrine. Open from 9 AM to 5 PM. A small shrine located amidst Arashiyama's famous bamboo forest. It was here that women were once trained prior to becoming shrine maidens at Ise Shrine, the holiest Shinto Shrine in Japan. Entrance is free.

Iwatayama Monkey Park

Iwatayama Monkey Park. A great place for those looking to get away from the abundance of temples and shrines in the city, feeding the macaque monkeys atop the mountain is worth the entrance fee (and the demanding climb!). Don't bring food up with you, though - peanuts are on sale inside the shack on top of the mountains, and the monkeys are well aware of it. There's a pond next to the shack, and the monkeys seem particularly fond of the keeper's motorcycle, which is usually parked there. There's a ¥600 admission fee to enter the park; peanuts cost extra, but you know the monkeys appreciate it.

19th Century Hall

19th Century Hall, (Just outside Saga Arashiyama station). A museum covering the unlikely combination of steam locomotives and pianos. Probably best to look at it from the outside, and listen to the amusing tinny music it blasts out.

Otagi Nenbutsu-ji Temple

Otagi Nenbutsu-ji Temple (愛宕念仏寺), 2-5 Fukatani-cho (By bus, take #72 from Kyoto station to Otagidera-Mae, or within Arashiyama, catch #62 or #72.). Open from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. Despite being omitted from virtually all guidebooks, it's one of the true unknown gems of Kyoto. It was founded in the eighth century, and went through an unlucky patch for a millennium or so; by turns it was destroyed by flood, fire and typhoon, and had to move location a few times. Today, it sits a short distance from the end of Saga Toriimoto, one of Kyoto's three historic preservation districts. Two fierce statues guard the entrance. Once you're through the gate, though, you'll find over 1200 small (knee-to-waist high) statues, each with its own unique character - you'll see a cheerful boxer near the entrance, but you could spend hours checking out the rest, and you'll do it in relative seclusion, since this is well away from the tourist trail. The statues were carved in 1981 by amateurs under the direction of master sculptor Kocho Nishimura. Moss and forest have begun to reclaim the area, and if you've ever wondered what Angkor Wat would look like crossed with Japanese kawaii, this is your chance. Admission is ¥300.

Daikakuji Temple

Daikakuji Temple, 4 Saga-Osawa-cho. While it is a temple today, originally, it was the villa of Emperor Saga. It is well-known by those who practice Ikebana, the Japanese art of flower arranging, as it is the birthplace of Saga Goryu, a school of Ikebana. Often, there are examples of Saga Goryu near the entrance to the temple. The temple itself is reasonably large, with some artwork inside. The view of the Osawanoike Pond is quite relaxing.

Adashino Nenbutsu-ji

Adashino Nenbutsu-ji. Open 9 AM to 4:30 PM. The famous Priest Kukai established this temple for the purpose of saying prayers for Arashiyama's dead. The temple grounds are filled with approximately 8000 Buddhist statues, each representing an unknown or forgotten person. Although it is famous for its statues, just like Otagi Nenbutsu-ji, Adashino Nenbutsu-ji is a spiritual place and a graveyard, so it has greater historical and spiritual significance, as well as impressive and beautiful. If you take a walk through the small bamboo-lined path to the upper area, you'll find actual grave sites instead of the statues in the lower area. There is also an area similar to the purification spots found at most temples however, at this one, you are supposed to pour water on each of the statues as you walk around it. This is a form of reverence and worship, and the Japanese who enter (particularly those who come to the upper area) come to pray, so while it may be fun, try also to be respectful. 

Gioji Temple

Gioji Temple. Open from 9 AM to 5 PM. Mentioned in the Tales of Heike, this is the site where sisters Gio and Ginyo come to devote their lives to Buddhism. Although the temple itself is rather small, the visit is made worthwhile by its vivid bright green moss garden. Entrance fee: ¥300.

Takiguchi-dera Temple

Takiguchi-dera Temple, (Located on the same road as Gioji, at the end). A quiet, peaceful temple of less interest than nearby Gioji Temple.

Jojakkoji Temple

Jojakkoji Temple. Open 9 AM to 5 PM. This temple is quite beautiful in the autumn when the leaves are changing, and the view of the city from just above the pagoda is a truly spectacular. Entrance is ¥400.

Nison-in Temple

Nison-in Temple. A large temple complex that houses two ancient sculptures of Buddha; one of Shakamuni Buddha and the other of Amida Buddha. It also houses the graves of some famous Japanese people. Unless you have interest in visiting one of the graves, the complex seems expensive compared to other temples of the same price with much more interesting sites and history. Admission is ¥500.

Hokyo-in

Hokyo-in. Home to the graves of the court's former enemies, as well as a beautiful moss garden.

Seiryo-ji

Seiryo-ji (sagashaka-do). This is the former home of Toru Minamoto who is believed to be the man that the famous Tale of Genji's protagonist Genji was inspired by.

Horinji Temple

Horinji Temple. One of the five head Shingon temples in Kyoto. The Boddhisatva Akasagarbha is enshrined in this temple. The complex offers a nice view of Kyoto City. The lights here are quite beautiful during the autumn Kyoto Light-Up.

Senko-ji

Senko-ji (Daihikaku). This temple was built as a memorial temple for those who died while working on dams and other projects under Suminokura Ryoi. There are a variety of monuments and statues on the temple grounds, and a haiku from the famous poet Matsuo Bassho was written about the cherry blossoms on the temple grounds. The walk along the Hozu River leading to the temple is arguably more enjoyable than the temple itself, as the water often displays quite vivid blues and greens.

Koryuji Temple

Koryuji Temple, 32 Hachiokacho. Open from 9 AM to 5 PM. Of all the temples in Kyoto, Koryuji is the oldest, dating back to the 12th century. It also houses the Miroku Bosatsu, the first item in the nation to be designated a National Treasure. Entrance fee: ¥700. 

Tōei Movie Village

Tōei Movie Village, 10 Uzumasa Higashihachioka-cho. A unique park in Kyoto featuring movie sets from a variety of famous Japanese television shows, which visitors can explore. Demonstrations, performances, and on-sight filming are all part of the experience. Inside, you can see costumes from famous children's shows.

Matsuo Taisha

Matsuo Taisha. Shrine open from 5 AM to 6 PM. Treasure house open from 9 AM to 4 PM. A shrine that's rarely visited by foreigners, Matsuo Taisha is a popular place for sake brewers to pray. The shrine existed prior to the establishment of Kyoto as Japan's capital and later received offerings from the Heian court. The shrine is famous for its water, said to be pure, as well as its interesting gardens and landscape. Shrine is free, ¥500 to see shrine treasures and garden area.

Katsura Imperial Villa

Katsura Imperial Villa, (About 15-20 minutes on foot from Katsura Station on the Hankyū Kyōto Main Line, 5-8 minutes on foot from Katsura Rikyū-mae bus stop). A real cultural treasure, renowned for its magnificent gardens and fine classical architecture. You can obtain permission to join a tour of the property either through the Imperial Household Agency's official website (which also contains a detailed list of instructions [13]) or by applying in person at the agency's Kyoto office (near the Imperial Palace). Be sure to apply well in advance of your visit: slots are extremely limited and the much sought-after online permits are rationed out through a lottery selection process.

Umenomiya Shrine

Umenomiya Shrine. This shrine is oddly dedicated to gods of both easy delivery and sake, because it is believed that the goddess Saketokekono was so delighted at the birth of her son that she made and drank sake. In addition, the stone to the right (upon entering) is believed to ensure pregnancy to any woman who steps over it, as a former Empress originally who was originally thought to be barren got pregnant after stepping over this stone. Along with a plethora of folk beliefs, the shrine is also a popular place to view flowers in the summertime. The shrine grounds are free, but to enter the shrine costs ¥500.

Suzumushi-dera

Suzumushi-dera. "Suzumushi-dera" means "cricket temple", and as you might guess, there is a large case of crickets all along the wall inside the temple. Ever since the temple was featured on the NHK, Japan's national television station, it has received quite large crowds of people waiting to enter, but don't let the crowds scare you away. The purpose is to enjoy the crickets chirping, so upon entering, visitors are treated to tea, a snack, and a speech by one of the temple's priests (in Japanese, of course) lasting roughly 20 minutes. He talks about the crickets and makes a shameless plug for the charms sold at the temple and then the next group is allowed in. The temple seats a large amount of people, so even those waiting on the steps should be able to get in for the next session. In order to keep the crickets chirping, they have to keep the temple warm, making it great for winter travellers.

Kokedera

Kokedera, 56 Jingatani-cho, Matsuo. The temple will tell you when your reservation is scheduled for in their response letter if you have been accepted. Kokedera, also known as Saimyo-ji, is one of Kyoto's World Heritage Sites famous for is beautiful moss garden. In the past, visitors could come and go freely, like most temples however, due to tourists stepping on and killing the moss, the temple had to limit the number of visitors and now requires a reservation in order to visit. The only accepted method is by mail. You need to send a letter giving them your name, the number of people in your party, and the date(s) you prefer to visit along with a self-addressed stamped envelope for them to send their response back to you. Here is the temple's address: Saiho-ji Temple 56 Jingatani-cho, Matsuo Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8286, Japan
If accepted, you will pay on arrival. While the price is quite steep, keep in mind that along with a tour of the garden, you will also listen to a monk recite sutras and even get to copy the sutras yourself. For those lucky enough to be accepted for a visit, it is often one of their best memories. Admission is ¥3000 (the most expensive temple in Kyoto).

Fushimi Inari Taisha

Fushimi Inari Taisha (伏見稲荷大社), (Keihan Main Line train to Fushimi-Inari Station or JR Nara Line to Inari Station). Another of Kyoto's often-overlooked jewels, about twenty-minutes to the south of Kyoto. Dedicated to Inari, the Japanese fox goddess, Fushimi-Inari-taisha is the head shrine (taisha) for 40,000 Inari shrines across Japan. Stretching 230 meters up the hill behind it are hundreds of bright red torii (gates). A visitor could easily spend several hours walking up the hillside, taking in the beautiful views of the city of Kyoto and walking through the torii, which appear luminescent in the late afternoon sun. Countless stone foxes, also referred to as Inari, are also dotted along the path. Watch your fingers as you go - the fox spirits are said to be able to possess people by slipping through their fingernails. Admission is free.

Fushimi Momoyama Castle

Fushimi Momoyama Castle. This castle was once a favorite of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The original was dismantled in 1623, but a 1964 reconstruction went up in its memory with a small museum and gold-lined tea room.

Teradaya

Teradaya (寺田屋). Open from 10 AM to 4:00 PM. It was here at this inn where Ryoma Sakamoto, a famous samurai who wanted to overthrow the Tokugawa, was injured in an attack, although he escaped. Some pictures, his handgun, and other historical artifacts are viewable inside. Entrance is ¥400.

Tōfuku-ji

Tōfuku-ji. Open from 9 AM to 4 PM. A large temple complex with many small and beautiful gardens nearby. Hordes of Japanese tourists visit during the fall months, when the leaves show a dazzling array of colors, but it's not as well known to foreigners. A pleasant side path through the woods connects it to the Fushimi Inari grounds.

Jonangu Shrine

Jonangu Shrine, 7 Nakashima Tobarikyu-cho, Fushimi-ku. Open from 9 AM to 4:30 PM. Although Jonangu Shrine is rarely visited by foreign tourists, it is a beautiful shrine with extensive history. It was originally established by Emperor Kammu when Kyoto became the nation's capital. At the end of the Heian period, it became home to retired emperor Goshirakawa. As a result, the beautiful Rakusui-en Garden was constructed. As a former Imperial Villa, Jonangu Shrine is a great alternative for those who are unable to secure reservations to Shugakuin or Katsura Imperial Villas, because no reservations are required to enter Jonangu Shrine's garden. Entrance to the shrine grounds is free, but the garden costs ¥500 to enter.

Daigo-ji

Daigo-ji (醍醐寺), 22 Higashioji-cho, Daigo. The Garan and Sanboin are open from 9 AM to 5 PM from March through November, and 9 AM to 4 PM from December through February. The museum is open from 9 AM to 4 PM. Daigoji is a large temple complex consisting of the garan (main complex), Sanboin Garden, and Reihokan Museum. The size and position of the temple, slightly removed from the city, creates a more peaceful, serene setting. As a registered World Heritage Site, the temple has a lot of history, with the oldest remaining structure being the five-story pagoda built in 951. The Sanboin is the temple's garden, and despite being rather pricey is truly beautiful. The museum houses many of the temple's treasures. Daigoji Temple is famous for being one of Kyoto's best places to view cherry blossoms in the spring and the leaves in the fall. Although the main temple complex is always worth visiting, those visiting in the autumn should consider paying the extra fee to see the Sanboin garden, as it becomes especially beautiful with the vivid colors of the leaves (sadly pictures are not allowed in the Sanboin). Each part costs ¥600 to enter however discount tickets can be purchased to see two (¥1000) or all three (¥1500).

Zuishin-in

Zuishin-in. 9 AM to 4:30 PM. According to legend, this is where Ono no Komachi, one of Japan's famous femme fatales, resided. She made Prince Fukakusa agree to court her for 100 days before she would agree to marry him, but on the 99th day, he died, leaving her single and her beauty to fade. Entrance is ¥400.

Kaju-ji

Kaju-ji, 27-6 Kanshujiniodo-cho, Yamashina-ku (Nearest station: Subway Tozai Line's One Station). Open from 9 AM to 4 PM. A temple with a peaceful lilly pond and a variety of cherry trees. Admission: ¥400.

Oharano Shrine

Oharano Shrine, 1152 Minami Kasuga-cho Oharano. Always open. The shrine is believed to have been moved to Nagaokakyo at the bidding of Empress Kammu, who made it the shrine of the Fujiwara family's guardian god. The Imperial Court made annual offerings at this shrine. The pond within the shrine precints was once a popular place for writing poetry. Because the area is removed from the inner city, the shrine is quite peaceful; it is not unusual to have the entire place to yourself. Entrance is free.

Shōbō-ji

Shōbō-ji, 1102 Kasuga-cho Oharano (Located on the opposite side of the road as Oharano Shrine). Open from 9 AM to 5 PM. A Shingon sect temple featuring an impressive statue of the 3-faced thousand armed Kannon and a beautiful, well-kept Zen rock garden. Many of the rocks within the garden were chosen to resemble animals, like a rabbit and frog. Entrance is ¥300.

Shoji-ji

Shoji-ji (勝持寺), 1194 Minamikasuga-cho Oharano. Open from 9 AM to 4:30 PM. Nicknamed Cherry Blossom Temple (hana no tera), it hosts a beautiful display of blossoms in the spring. Entrance is ¥400.

Yoshimine-dera

Yoshimine-dera, 1372 Oshio-cho, Oharano. Open from 8 AM to 5 PM. In 1034 Emperor Go-Ichijo gave Yoshimine-dera imperial rank, so the head priest was a member of the imperial family for many years, although it is no longer so today. The 20th temple on the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage. Entrance fee: ¥400 (¥500 during special exhibit).

Nagasaki - ancient port city in Kyushu, the second city to be destroyed by an atom bomb

Glover Garden

Glover Garden, (5 minutes by foot from tram stop Oura-tenshudo-shita of tram line 5 (destination 石橋 ishibashi)). Open from 8 AM to 6 PM. Entrance fee: ¥600.

Site of the Martyrdom of the 26 Saints of Japan

Site of the Martyrdom of the 26 Saints of Japan. A monument and a museum stand on the site where twenty Japanese Christians and six European missionaries were crucified in 1597. These martyrs were canonized as Saints in 1862.

Sofuku-ji

Sofuku-ji. Open from 8 AM to 5 PM. Constructed in 1629 by Chinese residents of Nagasaki, this temple is one of the best examples of Ming Dynasty architecture in the world. Even in China itself there are few surviving structures that display Ming Dynasty architecture as well as Sofuku-ji. Entrance fee: ¥300.

Oura Catholic Church

Oura Catholic Church. Built in 1864 by French missionaries, it is the oldest remaining church in Japan. Entrance fee: ¥300.

Urakami Cathedral

Urakami Cathedral. Rebuilt after its destruction in the atomic bombing, Urakami Cathedral was once the largest church in Asia.

Atomic Bomb Museum

Atomic Bomb Museum, (5 minutes by foot from tram stop Hamaguchi-machi of tram line 1 or 3 (destination 赤迫 akasako)). Open from 8:30 AM to 5:30 PM. A well-done commemoration of one of the greatest tragedies of the 20th century. At the far end of the museum tour, you will find a powerful argument against nuclear proliferation, outlined in several well-designed exhibits. Buy yourself some ice cream after you leave - you'll need it. Entrance fee: ¥200.

Site of the Former Dutch Factory

Site of the Former Dutch Factory, (near Nagasaki Port Terminal). Open from 8 AM to 6 PM. Japan's sole port open to Western trade for over 200 years, Dejima Island was built to keep the West out-of-contact with the local populace in order to prevent the spread of Christianity. Dejima Wharf was built for commemorating the exchange between Japan and Netherlands for 400 years. There are 20 shops including restaurants. You can eat lunch or dinner watching the sea. Entrance fee: ¥500.

Nagasaki Penguin Aquarium

Nagasaki Penguin Aquarium. A surprisingly entertaining and informative aquarium located about 30 minutes [by bus] from Nagasaki station. A 12 meter deep tank dominates the entry way. You can observe a variety of penguins from the vantage of underwater. A number of other aquaria contain many species of fish and invertebrates found locally, as well as a huge tank containing giant catfish (pla bluk) from the Mekong River in Thailand. The building is adjacent to a delightful sandy beach that could make a day with kids full and exciting. Entry is a ¥500 yen for adults, kids under 3 are free.

Suwa Shrine

Kofuku-ji

Open from 8 AM to 5 PM. Entrance fee: ¥200.

Oka Masaharu Memorial Nagasaki Peace Mueseum

Oka Masaharu Memorial Nagasaki Peace Mueseum. Open from Tuesday to Sunday from 9am until 5pm.. One of the few places in Japan where the　war crimes of the Japanese army during the Second World War are documented. Another focus of the exhibition lies on the foreign victims of the atomic bomb and their struggle for recognition and compensation. The Museum is located close to the central train station and just next to the memorial for the "26 Saints of Japan".

Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture

Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture. Open from 8:30 AM to 7 PM. Entrance fee: ¥600.

Nara - first capital of a united Japan, with many Buddhist shrines, and historical buildings

In Nara Park

Most of Nara's sights, including temples, shrines and famously mercenary deer, are concentrated in Nara Park (奈良公園 Nara-kōen), a wide, pleasant space of greenery. According to legend, the god of the Kasuga Taisha came riding a white deer in the old days, so the deer enjoy protected status as envoys of the god; however, based on their current behavior, either the deer have lost the job, or the god has taken an extremely passionate interest in biscuits from tourists (¥150), empty food wrappers and harassing shopkeepers.

Tōdai-ji

Tōdai-ji (東大寺). 8AM-4:30PM Nov-Feb, to 5PM Mar / Oct, 7:30AM-5:30PM Apr-Sep. Home to the famous Daibutsu (大仏), the largest Buddha statue in Japan and one of the largest in the world, appropriately, the Daibutsu-den, which houses it, is said to be the largest wooden building in the world. It's listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The giant front gate, Nandai-mon, is guarded by two fierce, awe-inspiring protectors. (It's also swarmed by deer, who know this is the best place to come looking for a hand-out.) Through the gate is a stone path leading to the outer walls surrounding the Daibutsu-den. Follow the signs to the left to enter the inner courtyard; if you happen to have a stick of incense with you, join the crowd around the incense offerings before you head onward.
The Daibutsu-den also contains four other giant statues. Once you've taken in the Daibutsu itself, walk around it to the left to see the other statues, as well as a few old tiles and leftover relics. There's a stand inviting you to sponsor a tile in order to help with the upkeep of the temple, and English-language fortune scrolls (omikuji) are on sale year-round. Take a final look at the Daibutsu as you leave; don't let the souvenir stand be your last memory of this incredible sight.
Just before the souvenir area, behind and to the right of the Daibutsu, is a wooden column with a small hole carved through the bottom. Enlightenment is reportedly promised to anyone who can squeeze through this hole. In practice, this means a lot of kids have enlightenment in store (thanks in part to other kids who kick their feet to "help" them through), and all but the skinniest adults can only look on in envy.
To the right of the entrance to the Daibutsu-den is a statue of the Yakushi Nyorai. Though a bit scary-looking on first glance, it's actually a Buddha of medicine and healing. Touching a part of the Yakushi Nyorai and then the corresponding part of your own body is said to heal any ailments you have there. Admission ¥500.

Kōfuku-ji

Kōfuku-ji (興福寺). 9AM-5PM. This temple has a three-story and a five-story pagoda; historically, the latter has contended with Kyoto's Toji for the title of Tallest Pagoda in Japan, although Kofuku-ji seems to have surrendered for now. Admission to the Eastern Golden Hall ¥500.

Sarusawa Pond

Sarusawa Pond (猿沢の池). This small pond at the east end of Sanjō-dōri with Nara Park behind or Naramachi to its south is a very popular viewing spot for Kōfukuji.

Nara National Museum

Nara National Museum. 9:30AM to 5 PM. This museum has one of the world's best collections of Buddhist art and changing exhibitions. The National Treasure Hall has an impressive collection of statues. There are "English Guides" inside the museum however, they do not guide you through the museum; instead they are there to answer questions. The guides are highly knowledgeable, so if you can think of questions that require explanation, you can learn a lot more about the exhibits, Buddhism, and Buddhist art. General admission is ¥500 however, special exhibitions can heighten the price to as high as ¥2000.

Himuro Shrine

Himuro Shrine, (10-minute walk from the Kintetsu Nara station. Across the street from the Nara National Museum). Open 7 AM to 5 PM. A shrine dating from 1217 and home to several fine cherry trees. Although the architecture is unremarkable, the trees in front of the shrine explode into beautiful clouds of pale pink and white blossoms during the spring blooming period (late March-early April).

Ukimidō

Ukimidō (浮見堂). A hexagonal building built on Sagi-ike (鷺池) Pond in Nara Park so that it appears to float on water.

Kasuga Taisha

Kasuga Taisha (春日大社). Worth a visit for the beautiful approach, through the Kasuga-yama Primeval Forest (see below), more than the temple itself. What Kyoto's Fushimi Inari Taisha is for torii, Kasuga Taisha is for stone lanterns. Notice the giant rack of sake barrels near the front gate and the fountain-statue of a giant buck. The temple is occasionally closed for services, but a walk around the outside is likely to be no less rewarding. The grounds are free, but it costs ¥600 to enter the inner parts of the shrine.

Kasuga-yama Hill Primeval Forest

Kasuga-yama Hill Primeval Forest (春日山原生林). A gorgeous hill of wild, undeveloped forest leading to Kasuga Taisha and some of the other sights in Nara Koen. The path is clearly marked, though, so don't worry about getting lost. It's a magical, quiet walk at any time of day. If you're determined to feed some deer, save your biscuits for the ones out here instead of the loafers by Todai-ji.

Isui-en Garden

Isui-en Garden (依水園), (On the way to Kasuga Taisha Shrine from Kintetsu Nara Station.), [8]. 9:30AM-4PM. Enjoy the magnificently arranged garden with full of flowers, surrounded by all the rest of Nara Park. Entrance fee ¥650.

Shin-Yakushi-ji

Shin-Yakushi-ji, (Can be reached through the primeval forest; follow the signs from Kasuga Taisha.). 9AM-5PM. It's a single hall with twelve ferocious warrior statues (each with his own collection plate) standing guard by a Buddha of healing. The statues are quite impressive; this is as well-protected a Buddha as you're likely to find. ¥500.

Nara City Museum of Photography

Nara City Museum of Photography, (Near Shin-Yakushi-ji, a couple blocks outside Nara Park). The steel-and-glass building sits as if reflected upon the linear pond that surrounds it. Inside, there are reasonably interesting exhibits of photography on local subjects like the Mount Wakakusa Fire Festival (see below).

Yakushi-ji Temple

Gangō-ji Temple

Heijōkyū Palace Site

Tōshōdai-ji Temple

Nara Century Hall

Osaka - large and dynamic city located in the Kansai region

Osaka Castle

Osaka Castle (大阪城 Osaka-jō). Osaka's best known sight, although it's a concrete reconstruction that pales in comparison with, say, Himeji. Think of it as a museum built in the shape of a castle, rather than as an actual historical castle. Still, it's pretty enough from the outside, especially in the cherry blossom season when Osakans flock to the castle park to picnic and make merry. Open 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM daily, adult admission ¥600 (Children up to middle school free). Closed at the end and beginning of the year. The park can be accessed on a number of lines, but the castle is closest to Osaka-jō Koen station on the JR Osaka Loop Line. Naniwa Palace Site Park or Naniwanomiya can also be found south to Osaka Castle Park (although it's one of Japan's oldest habitats and palace sites, today it's little more than an empty grass field where the outlines of Naniwa's palace foundations from around 643 AD have been partly recreated in concrete). Admission fee is only required to enter the actual castle, and entry to the castle park and surrounds is free.

Osaka Museum of History

Osaka Museum of History 1-32 Otemae 4-Chome Chuo-ku Open 9:30AM-5PM (on Fri 9:30AM-8PM) Closed Tue but on Wed instead if Tue is a Holiday (5min walk from subway Tanimachi 4-chome Station but also accessible via Osaka Castle or from JR Osaka-jō Station) An ideal place to learn all-abouts of Osaka's history. Enjoyable view over Osaka Castle and the OBP skyscrapers. Admission: ¥600

Osaka Science Museum

Osaka Science Museum (大阪市立科学館). (walk from subway Higobashi Station or Yodoya-bashi Station, 500m and 900m to the west respectively) Closed on Mon and days after Holidays if not weekend. Big interactive activity center on several floors. Great for kids. Planetarium and cinema (with science films) downstairs. ¥600/300.

Umeda Sky Building

Umeda Sky Building (梅田スカイビル). 1-1-20 Oyodonaka, Kita-ku (10 min on foot from JR Osaka or Hankyu Umeda), Built in an attempt to upgrade Osaka's somewhat downbeat Kita district, the project wasn't quite the hoped-for commercial success but this bizarrely shaped 40-story, 173-meter building is still a city landmark. Take the escalator through midair to the rooftop observatory for an open-air view of Osaka, which is particularly impressive on a clear night. Observatory admission ¥700, open 10 AM to 10:30 PM daily (entry until 10 PM, varies by season). The basement features a recreation of a Meiji-era street, with a few small restaurants and bars in appropriate style.

Sumiyoshi Shrine

Sumiyoshi Shrine (住吉大社) is one of Japan's oldest Shinto shrines, with a history stretching back 1800 years. Its traditional architecture is unusual amongst Japan's shrines, and its park-like surroundings with the sacred bridge arching over a tranquil pond make it a restful break from the busy environment of Osaka. Best of all, it's free! Access is from the Nankai line station of the same name; local trains run from Namba station in central Osaka.

Shitennōji Temple

Shitennōji Temple (四天王寺), 1-1-18 Shitennōji Tennōji-ku (5 min walk from Shitennōji-mae-Yuhiga-oka Station on subway, or 15 min by walk to north from Tennōji Station), originally built by Emperor Suiko in 593 AD. Although the current buildings are mostly post WWII reconstructions, the temple is a rare sample which conveys the continental style (notably the positioning of the individual buildings inside the complex) of 6th - 7th century to present.

Japan Mint

Japan Mint (造幣局) 1-1-79, Temma Kita-ku (15 min by walk from subway Temmabashi Station), [25]. It's not widely known even by people from elsewhere in the country that Japan Mint is actually headquartered in Osaka. For Osakans, Sakura-no-tōrinuke (桜の通り抜け, cherry blossom tunnel road) is a synonym for this facility, attracting a large number of visitors (close to 1 million in just 7 days) during a limited, planned week of mid-Apr. A must-see if you are fond of nature and happen to drop into Osaka in season. Admission free. Check for official announcement beforehand.

Tsūtenkaku

Tsūtenkaku (通天閣). While the original tower was built early 20th century, the current "newer" version is designed by the same Prof. Naitō, who also designed Tokyo Tower. This landmark built in the middle of Shinsekai (新世界) area is a symbol of reconstruction of the City of Osaka post WWII.

Open Air Museum of Old Farmhouses

Open Air Museum of Old Farmhouses, Ryokuchi-koen, Ryokuchi station on the Midosuji subway line. Ryokuchi park itself is lovely, but one area is a museum of a dozen old Edo period farmhouses, moved across country and lovingly reconstructed. Also on display are tools, furniture, and the like. You can go to Himeji-jo or the old palace in Kyoto and see how the rulers lived; but come down here to see how the people lived. Thanks to the efforts of a volunteer from Australia, they have a great new English-language brochure to guide you. Admission ¥500.

Momofuku Ando Instant Ramen Museum

Momofuku Ando Instant Ramen Museum (インスタントラーメン発明記念館 Instant Ramen Hatsumei Kinenkan), 8-25 Masumi-cho, Ikeda-shi (20 min on Hankyu Takarazuka Line from Umeda to Ikeda Stn, then 5 min on foot). Wed-Mon 9:30 AM–4 PM. A museum dedicated to the man who invented the daily staple of college students everywhere. The exhibits are of limited interest if you don't read Japanese, but they offer two interesting hands-on experiences. The "Chicken Ramen Workshop" (¥500, 90 min, reservations required) lets you make your own instant noodles from scratch, starting from kneading the dough and finishing by decorating the package. "My Cup Noodle Factory" (¥300, no reservations) lets you select your own Cup Noodle flavor, which is then manufactured for you, complete with your own hand-drawn lid design. Free.

Kamigata Ukiyoe Museum

Kamigata Ukiyoe Museum. 11:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Closed Mondays. A rather small museum in Nanba dedicated to ukiyoe, Japanese woodblock prints. The interior of the museum looks a bit like an adobe house. It may be most interesting to someone already familiar with the art, as the information inside mostly Japanese only. Entrance fee: ¥500.

Peace Osaka

Peace Osaka. 9:30 am-5:00 pm. Closed Mondays. A museum dedicated to the promotion of peace through displays of war. Because it is an Osaka museum, it features the affects of the bombings on Osaka in WWII. While this is of some interest, the exhibitions depicting the attrocities committed by Japan against China, Korea, and Southeast Asia are what make this museum truly worthwhile. There is also an exhibit with displays relating to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Exhibits have English explanations.

Sapporo - largest city in Hokkaido, famous for its snow festival

Clock Tower

Clock Tower (時計台 Tokeidai), close to Odori station. This rather diminutive building has become a symbol of Sapporo, mostly by being the oldest building still standing. It was constructed in 1878 for the Sapporo Agricultural College (now the Hokkaido University) and would not look out of place in Smalltown USA. 200 yen for entry, the inside has a small retrospective of its history. However, visitor beware, this is for some reason a mecca for Japanese tourists coming to Sapporo who feel that no trip to Sapporo would be complete without a photo in front of the Tokeidai, but was actually recently rated as Japan's third "most disappointing" tourist attraction!

Ishiya Chocolate Factory

Ishiya Chocolate Factory A 15-20 minute subway ride away from Odori park, the chocolate factory has an incredibly corny, but fun, tour building up to a view of the actual chocolate making floor, and ending with a random toy museum. Also there are two restaurants, a souvenir store, and an hourly robot show complete with annoying music. Famous for its white chocolate, which is sold under the brand "White Lovers" (白い恋人 shiroi koibito), and is only available in Hokkaido.

Odori Park Sapporo's most famous park

Odori Park Sapporo's most famous park, it is in the center of town and is considered to be a symbol of Sapporo. Although quite narrow (one might argue that it is a nice boulevard), the park is quite long, stretching over fifteen blocks across downtown Sapporo. Filled with (during the summer) numerous flowers, trees, and fountains, Odori Park provides a welcome respite from the maddening crowds of the surrounding city.

Sapporo TV Tower

Sapporo TV Tower, the eastern end of Odori. A tourist trap carbon copy of the Eiffel Tower with an observation deck at 90m (entry ¥700).

Sapporo Beer Museum

Sapporo Beer Museum, North 7, East 9, next to the Ario shopping center, tel. 01-1731-4368. Run by the Sapporo Brewing Company, offers free guided tours covering the history of beer in Japan and the process of brewing. The museum is not very big and the printed descriptions on the displays are not in English. Despite this it makes an interesting diversion for an hour or so, and anyway admission is free. At the end of the tour you can "taste" all the different beers for a small fee (200 yen for a mid sized glass, or a sample of three for 400). Finish off the tour with more brews at the Beer Garden next door (see Eat). Open 9 AM to 6:00 PM, get there on the Loop 88 Factory bus line from the Odori subway station, or by walking from JR Naebo station (ask a ticket office attendant there for a map).

Pioneer Village

Pioneer Village, A large historical village on the outskirts of Sapporo, offers a snapshot of Japan in the newly-industrialised age. The front gate (an old railway station) opens up into a series of opens alleys and buildings of the style pre-20th century. Also a variety of different gardens and shrines. Don't expect costumed performers however - everything is self guided (so a Japanese host would be advisable). Just down the road there is the 100th anniversary Memorial Park (Hyakunen Kinentou), the site of a giant (and somewhat imposing) tower which can be climbed, providing a good vantage point of Sapporo (though quite some distance from the city centre) and surrounding mountains. Admission is free, but expect to compete with school groups.

Moiwayama

Moiwayama, or Moiwa Mountain, overlooks the city and is especially worthwhile at night to observe the city-lights. Can be reached by cable car, or with a car, the summit (and tourist centre) can be reached directly. To reach drive there by car, a small entrance fee is required, but the lookout has free entry.

Asahiyama Koen

Asahiyama Koen, (admission free) beautiful flower garden and natural parklands that overlooks the city centre. Noted for being a good place for romance, and is particularly good for cherry blossoms in spring and autumn colours, and local wildlife such as squirrels and foxes (somewhat of a feral pest around Sapporo).

Hokkaido Shrine

Hokkaido Shrine, (admission free).

Jozankei

Jozankei, on the southern outskirts of Sapporo (but still nominally in the city), approximately 40 - 60 mins drive. This area is famous for both its onsen (due perhaps to proximity to Sapporo) and the very beautiful autumn colours (especially around the Houhaikyou Dam).

JR Tower

JR Tower. The newly redeveloped building near JR Sapporo Station marks the center of the city. It is higher than the TV tower observatory is. Affording panoramic views. As a bonus for men, the observation level has a men's room with a view!

Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art

Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art. Located in a small park, this modern art museum offers a collection that includes both Japanese and Western art, as well as as temporary exhibits.

Sapporo Art Park

Sapporo Art Park. Containing over 74 modern and contemporary sculptures, this art park makes for a great day trip.

Moerenuma Park

Moerenuma Park. A popular excursion for Japanese families, this park offers several acres of carefully manicured grass and monumental landscape installations. Highlights include a 5-story glass pyramid and a man-made mountain, from which one can see all of Sapporo. free.

Hokkaido University Botanic Garden

Hokkaido University Botanic Garden (北海道大学植物園 Hokkaido Daigaku Shokubutsuen), T060-0003 Sapporo-shi Chuo-ku N3 W8 (From JR Sapporo train station, go south 3 blocks and west 5 blocks.). 9:00-4:00. A large botanical garden. There are two rock gardens, a rose garden, a lilac display, a greenhouse, and various other gardens. There's a small museum in the garden with artifacts from Hokkaido, some dating back to the Meiji period (no extra cost). In the winter, only the greenhouse and museum are of interest. 400円.

Sendai - largest city in the Tohoku region, known as the city of forests due to its tree lined avenues and wooded hills

Miyagi Museum of Art

Miyagi Museum of Art (宮城県美術館), 34-1 Kawauchi-Motohasekura, Aoba-ku. A reasonable collection of modern art. Special room for Juryo Sato a local (but nationally famous) sculptor. Beautiful garden and a nice view of the river.

Aoba Castle

Aoba Castle (青葉城 Aoba-jō). Often recommended by locals, but what they mean is the site of the old castle - there's actually only a replica of a gate and a statue of the founder of the city, Date Masumune. However, the ruins of Aoba Castle is the theme of a famous poem written by Doi Bansui called 'Kojo no Tsuki' - 'The Moon over the desolate castle'. In the poem, the author touchingly invites us to reflect on the impermanence of all life, which is represented by the ruins of the once great castle caught in the light of the full moon. The poem has been put to music and is famous throughout Japan.

Ōsaki Hachiman Shrine

Ōsaki Hachiman Shrine (大崎八幡宮). Completed in 1607, and is designated a national treasure. The metal ornaments and colorful designs displayed against the black lacquer woodwork is an especially attractive feature.

Kannon

There is a huge statue of Kannon (the Buddhist deity of compassion) outside the city that is worth seeing. However, don't expect to find it mentioned in any guides. Ask locals for directions.

Sendai Mediatheque

Sendai Mediatheque designed by Toyo Ito is an important piece of contemporary architecture. Take a look at the outstanding structure while enjoying the cafeteria and design shop on ground level.

Rinno-ji

Rinno-ji, (輪王寺) 1-14-1 Kitayama, Aoba-ku. - an historic temple with a large traditional garden, which is especially attractive when the azaleas are in bloom. (bus: “Kitayama - Shiheimachi line,” get off at “Rinno-ji mae”)

SS 30 Observation Lounge

SS 30 Observation Lounge, Higashi Nibancho dori and Kitamenmachi-dori - this office tower has an observation deck on the 29 and 30th floors, which is open and free to the public.

Yagiyama Zoo

Sendai Castle Ruins

Sendai Castle Ruins （仙台城跡）is a famous place to visit for many tourists. there is a statue of Masamune Date（伊達政宗）who　built the basis of Sendai city.

The Museum of the forest of depths of the earth

The Museum of the forest of depths of the earth,（地底の森ミュージアム）4-2-1- Nagamachi-Minami, Taihaku-ku, 022-246-9153- The museum of the stone age. In the museum, restoration exhibition of that time is carried out based on the data discovered from public presentation and there of the ruins 20,000-year Saki's Old Stone Age unearthed from Tomizawa ruins(富沢遺跡）